Vocabulary

pioneer — первооткрыватель

mental activity — мысленная деятельность

inner — внутренний

to be accepted — быть принятым

psychological thought — психологическая мысль

objective — цель

to focus on smth. — концентрироваться, фокусироваться на

чем-либо

unconscious — подсознательный

mysterious — загадочный

hidden — спрятано

outline — основные моменты, основы

psychic apparatus — психический аппарат

demand — запрос

etxternal — внешний

limitation — ограничение, лимит

satisfaction — удовлетворение

influence — влияние

role models — образцы для подражания

impact — воздействие

to be unaware — не отдавать себе отчета в происходящем

to cause — обуславливать

potential — потенциал

unhappiness — несчастье

to relate to — относиться, иметь взаимоотношения

self-esteem — самооценка

to remove — удалять

to cure — лечить

state — состояние

step — (зд.) этап, уровень

to gather — собирать

free associations — сводобные ассоциации

slips of the tongue — оговорки

to reveal — раскрывать, рассказывать

resistance — сопротивление

to overcome — преодолевать

conclusion — вывод

to be cured — быть излеченным

to dispute — подвергать сомнениям

value — ценность

data — информация

effectiveness — эффективность

Questions to the text.

1. What term did Freud create and developed in the field of psychology?

2. What does psychoanalysis focus on?

3. How did Freud describe a human mind?

4. What are the three parts of the psychic apparatus, according to Freud?

5. Which part of the psychic apparatus has the quality of being conscious?

6. Which part of the psychic apparatus represents the influence of others?

7. Which part of the psychic apparatus contains instincts?

8. What concept is psychoanalysis based on?

9. How can unhappiness be expressed?

10. What is the basic objective of psychoanalysis according to Sigmund Freud?

11. What are the main steps of psychoanalysis?

12. Why do patients have to reach conclusions on their own?

13. When is the patient considered to be cured?

14. How did some psychologists criticize psychoanalysis?

15. What was revolutionary about the method of psychoanalysis?

EXERCISE 1.Translate the following sentences.

Sigmund Freud was the first psychologist who recognized the importance of the unconscious mind. Sigmund Freud developed the main principles, objectives and methodology of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious level of the mind. According to Sigmund Freud, there are three parts of the human psychic: the id, the ego, and the superego. The conflict between these parts produces unhappiness and mental illnesses. Psychoanalysis helps to remove neuroses. There are several steps of psy­choanalysis. First, a psychoanalyst gathers material from patient's free as­sociations, dreams and slips. Then he forms hypotheses about what hap­pened to the patients in the past. Finally, the psychoanalyst and the pa­tient make conclusions about the problems.

EXERCISE 2.Tell your friend (your group):

1) what psychoanalysis is about,

2) who invented it,

3) how it works.