Unit 1. My future profession Essential Vocabulary

according to згідно з...; на думку... ◊ According to some researchers (науковці), civilization is the result of culture.

activities діяльність ◊ … activities of human life

behavior поведінка ◊ His behavior towards me shows that he does not like me.

belief вірування; віра ◊ Culture as a whole includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, etc.

complex складний ◊ It is a complex problem.

conditions умови ◊ We all want better conditions of life.

consider вважати ◊ I consider it wiser not to criticize the boss.

custom звичай ◊ Immigrants may keep some of their customs and traditions from their old country for a long time.

definition визначення, дефініція ◊ Compare (порівняйте) the different definitions of this term.

effort зусилля ◊ I will make every effort to help you.

exist існувати ◊ A civilization cannot exist without culture.

generation генерація, покоління ◊ Culture is passed on from one generation to another.

goal мета ◊ Civilization by itself cannot be the goal of life. Synonym: aim

human being людина ◊ Anthropology is the study of human beings. Synonyms: human, man

improve поліпшувати(ся) ◊ I want to improve my English pronunciation.

refer тут: стосуватися ◊ The term 'culture' refers to the inner world of man.

scientist науковець ◊ Scientists all over the world try to improve the conditions of life. Synonyms: researcher, scholar, academic

share поділяти; мати у спільній власності ◊ The two children share one room.

society суспільство ◊ This belief is shared by many members of society.

transmit передавати ◊ A culture is transmitted to the next generation by learning. Synonyms: pass on, pass down

value цінність; цінувати ◊ Each society has its specific values.

Terminology

artifact артефакт (предмет матеріальної культури давньої цивілізації)

Australopithecine австралопітек

community громада

Exercise 1.

• Read the sentences and try to guess (здогадатися) the meaning of the italicized words. Check your guess in the dictionary:

Edward Tylor studied culture in its wide ethnographic sense.

The Kharkiv State Academy of Culture offers Bachelor and Master degree programmes with 12 majors (спеціальності) in the fields of culture, arts and social communications.

Exercise 2.

• Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the lists of essential vocabulary and terminology. Translate the sentences:

Civilization is a complex … that has cities, social classes, and government.

It has become a … for our family to go to the seaside in summer.

What is your … in life?

In smaller British towns, pubs serve as … gathering places.

Now let us see what different … have to say on this subject.

I thought you would … but I was mistaken.

Exercise 3.

• Review the vocabulary and translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the italicized words:

Чи існує життя на Марсі?

Йому слід (ought to) покращити свою поведінку.

Сподіваюся, що наступне покоління житиме в кращих умовах.

Кожна сім’я має свої цінності.