Word Formation

Exercise 4.

• Translate the following derivatives (похідні слова) into Ukrainian paying attention to suffixes and prefixes:

adaptation, reinvent, missionary, globalization, rapidly, dominance, closely, western, interconnectedness, dominating, mankind, anti-globalization, protestor, largely, democratization, European, unproblematic, transnational, organization, actively, outnumber, homogenized, entertainment, progression, savagery, civilization, mixture, essentially

• Translate into English using prefix –un, -inter and suffixes –ion, -al, -ly, -ic, -y, -ment:

розширення, політичний, виняток, звичайно, на відміну від, глибоко, інакше, демократичний, багатий, корпорація, розвиток, міжнародний

Word Combinations

Exercise 5.

• Translate into Ukrainian the following word combinations (A+N and N+N type):

soap opera, pop culture, national borders, night club dancing, video sharing websites, pop icon status, the chief medium, cultural takeover, Pacific islands, cuneiform writing

• Translate into English:

фонетичні символи, військова міць, письменники 19 століття, всесвітнє поширення, телевізійна індустрія, система письма

• Transform the following word combinations.

Examples: an adult (дорослий) show  a show for adults; a history book  a book about history.

the world's media markets, fast-food restaurants, anti-globalization protestors, nomadic people, Indian-produced TV series

Grammar

Preposition + Gerund

Basic Patterns:

He left without saying goodbye. Він пішов, не попрощавшись.

They solve some of such problems by organizing international festivals. Вони вирішують частину таких проблем, організуючі міжнародні фестивалі.

Pop culture stars can unite people of different nationalities by providing them with same pop idols. Зірки поп-культури можуть об’єднати людей різних національностей, створюючи для них одних і тих же поп-ідолів.

Exercise 6.

• Learn the basic patterns by heart. Explain the use of Preposition + Gerund in each pattern.

• Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Explain why you think your translation is correct:

Some scientists believe that globalization can bring people together and make everyone richer without getting rid of local cultures.

Mongolia is a good example of balancing between tradition and changes.

There were two ways of transmitting this knowledge.

• Translate into English:

Вони вирішують частину своїх проблем, розмовляючи з друзями.

Фільми, музика і серіали використовуються для поширення американської культури.

Є різні способи поширення культурних цінностей по всьому світі.

Exercise 7.

• Re-read the vocabulary and try to guess what the text is going to be about.

• How do you interpret the title of the text?

Exercise 8.

• Look through Text A. Do you still remember the meaning of the words attitude, society, influence from the previous lessons?

Text a. What Is Globalization

The term “globalization” came to be widely used in the 1980s. Globalization is the way that local or national ways of doing things become global, that is, done together around the world. Cultural globalization is the rapid spread of ideas, attitudes and values across national borders.

A typical example of cultural globalization is pop culture. The style of night club dancing in Ukraine is pretty much the same as in Kyrgyzstan or in Norway. Japanese animé is watched in Chicago, and Mexican soap operas are watched in Manila. The newest song of a musical group rapidly becomes popular worldwide through video sharing websites. Personalities achieve global pop icon status through the same means.

The Internet is associated with the process of cultural globalization because it allows interaction and communication between people with very different lifestyles and from very different cultures. Photo sharing websites allow interaction even where language would otherwise be a barrier.

One of the best known aspects of globalization is the worldwide spread and dominance of American culture. The influence of the United States on the popular culture, technology, business, political techniques or language, of other countries is called Americanization. Hollywood (that is, the American film and television industry) dominates most of the world's media markets (India is an exception with Bollywood). It is the chief medium by which people across the globe see American fashions, customs, scenery and way of life. Fast food, along with Coca-Cola, is often viewed as symbols of U.S. influence.

However, cultural globalization does not just mean the spread of western ideas. The world is a very diverse place and therefore a wide range of different ideas are moving across borders, not just western ideas.

This sharing of ideas generally leads to an interconnectedness and interaction between peoples of different cultures and ways of life.

People feel differently about globalization: some think it helps everyone while others think it hurts some people. Some societies find globalization as a dominating concept. It might have a negative effect on their lifestyle. If a society has complex cultural conditions such as exploiting people on the ground of race, gender or class, people will really try to get rid of such a society. Globalization is nothing new; it has been happening since mankind first learned to trade. It does not necessarily mean that we will all look and act the same, as some anti-globalization protestors believe. There is no doubt that globalization influences local cultures, the effects are often complex and in some cases can create a stronger and more extreme sense of local identity. Some scientists believe that globalization can bring people together and make everyone richer without getting rid of local cultures.

Mongolia is a good example of balancing between tradition and changes. It is a fascinating time to study this rapidly globalizing nation that became democratic and capitalistic after 1990. Situated between Siberia and northern China, much of this country is a desert, largely isolated from global development; part of its population remains essentially nomadic, moving over an area twice the size of Texas.

Mongolia is one of the only remaining pastoral cultures in the world. It is interesting to study the major economic and political reforms Mongolia has undergone through democratization and how these processes have resulted in significant changes in the lifestyle of its people. It is worthwhile discovering Mongolia's rich cultural and artistic tradition, which reflects the unique philosophy and history of nomadic people closely attached to the land, nature, and horses.

Exercise 9.

• Look through Text A and find the sentences in which Preposition + Gerund structures are used. Translate and write them down.

• Say why it is correct to say:

Armenian alphabet was invented by Mesrop Mashtots in the fifth century A.D. by borrowing the “one sound – one letter” idea and modifying Ethiopian syllabic signs.

The USA’s military might give it a great deal of power in controlling economic and other interactions all over the globe.

Exercise 10.

• Look through the text and find the English equivalents for:

розповсюдження західних ідей, політичні реформи, унікальна філософія, кочівники, територія у два рази більша за Техас, немає сумнівів, по-різному ставитися до процесу глобалізації, вплив США на

• Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents for:

rapidly globalizing nation, become popular worldwide, a dominating concept, through the same means, anti-globalization protestors, global development, a fascinating time, complex cultural conditions

Exercise 11.

• Complete the sentences using your knowledge or imagination:

Globalization is nothing new, because…

People feel differently about globalization, because …

Exercise 12.

• Read the text and find arguments to prove that:

a) Globalization is not bad.

b) Cultural Globalization is not Americanization.

• Use the material of the text to answer the following question:

What is cultural globalization?

• Read the text again and find sentences describing:

a) Mongolia, as a good example of balancing between tradition and changes;

b) The symbols of U.S. influence on the popular culture, technology, business, political techniques or language, of other countries.

• Find the places in the text to support the following statement (висловлювання):

There is no doubt that globalization influences local cultures.

Exercise 13.

• Agree or disagree with the following statements. Explain your choice.

It is better to study major international languages like English rather than to spend time on minority languages for the sake of regional identity.

Globalization: a culture killer.