2. Запомните слова и словосочетания.

3. organizational stage — организационная стадия;

4. legal elements — правовая (юридическая) часть;

site programming— проект организации строительства;

cost estimate — оценка затрат (на строительство);

process of refinement— корректировка, усовершенствование;

required facilities — необходимое оборудование, сооружения;

time of completion — время завершения (строительства);

work task — рабочее задание;

scheduling of activities — составление графика работ;

precedence -— приоритет, первоочерёдность;

structural integrity — конструктивная целостность;

technical requirements — технические требования, условия;

recommended specifications — рекомендованные технические ус­ловия;

construction equipment— строительное оборудование.

5. Прочитайте текст и выполните задании.

Site Programming

The site design and site planning process begins with the initial problem to be solved. Site planning refers to the organizational stage of the design process. It is divided into three phases: research, analy­sis, and synthesis, and involves location, neighborhood and zoning contexts, natural physical features, legal elements, circulation, drai­nage, utilities, etc.

The next step involves programming the site. [From the analysis, a program is developed dealing with schematic design of a site plan as well as a preliminary cost estimate for the site.]⁰

Program development is based on the study of factors such as site requirements and sizes, types of building and site construction, and the

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uses of materials. The program is a constant process of refinement as these factors are studied. [The completely developed program will include a schedule of required facilities, their times of completion, and their priority for construction.]⁰

A parallel step in the planning process is to define the various work tasks that must be accomplished. [These work tasks represent the ne­cessary framework to permit scheduling of activities, estimating the resources required, and necessary precedences among the tasks.]⁰ Precedence relations between activities signify that the activities must take place in a particular sequence. Numerous natural sequences exist for construction activities due to requirements for structural in­tegrity, regulations, and other technical requirements.

[Choice of appropriate technology involves study on methods of construction to successfully achieve the structural design with rec­ommended specifications.]⁰ It also includes study on construction equipments and temporary works required to facilitate the construc­tion process.

[The civil/site engineer is typically responsible for surveying the site and identifying all existing structures and proposed construction on drawings.]⁰

(1 600 п.зн.)

4. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What stage of the design process does site planning refer to?

2. What does this stage involve?

3. What does a program of the site deal with?

4. What is program development based on?

5. Why is this program a constant process of refinement?

6. What do precedence relations between activities signify?

7. What natural sequences exist for construction activities?

8. What does the choice of appropriate technology involve?

9. What is the civil/site engineer responsible for?

5. Обсудите варианты и дайте определение понятия "site pro­gramming".

Site programming means...

• ... making schematic design of a site plan.

• ...estimating cost for construction and resources required.

• ...study of different factors concerning future construction.

• ...scheduling of activities to take place on the site.

• ...definition of various work tasks to be accomplished.

• ...choice of appropriate technology.

• ...study on temporary works required for construction.

• ...identifying all existing structures on drawings.

• ...surveying the site.

  6. Составьте план текста.

  7. Пользуясь планом, расскажите об основных составляющих Проекта организации строительства.

TEXT Е

1. Переведите интернациональные слова.

preparation, activity, clearance, agency, vegetation, foundation, base, landscape, contour, strategy, prevent, excavate, balance, recyclable, topography, import, export

2. Запомните слова и словосочетания.

site preparation — подготовка строительной площадки;

grubbing — распахивание, корчевание;

development process — процесс строительства;

ground remediation — замена испорченного грунта;

fly-tipped materials — мусор, стихийная свалка;

balancing a site — планировка стройплощадки;

prescribed topography — картограмма земляных работ;

grading — нивелировка, профилирование, земляные работы;

finished contouring — устройство основания (под фундамент);

foundation drainage strategies — мероприятия по отводу грунто­вых вод;

site excavating — разработка котлована (под фундамент);

heavy earthmoving equipment — тяжёлая строительная техника;

to create a level — выравнивать дно котлована;

to backfill — заполнять, засыпать обратно.

3. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Site Preparation

[A site preparation consists of different activities, clearing and grubbing being the first step in the development process, and quite often setting the tone with the regulatory agencies for the rest of the project.]⁰ Site clearance means removing all the structures, hedges, ditches, rocks, trees, other vegetation, and services from a site. It might also include ground remediation where soil has been contami­nated, and the clearance of fly-tipped materials.

[Balancing a site refers to the practice of using existing soils and rock (including excavation spoils), as well as recyclable materials on site, to achieve the prescribed topography.]⁰ Soil and rock are re­moved from high spots and transported to low spots on the same site, so that importing and exporting soil, which adds significantly to cost, is avoided. This concept contributes to sustainability and is considered in the design and construction of all sites.

[Grading site area is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specific slope, for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or landscape improvements.]⁰ The earthworks* created for such a purpose are often called the sub-grade or finished contouring. Proper site grading and foundation drainage strategies are required in order to prevent water damage to basements and their contents.

Site excavation is a process in which soil, rock, and other materials are removed from a site, typically with the use of heavy earthmoving equipment. [The site is excavated to create a level, clean area to work, with the foundations being established in the excavated area.]⁰ A site may also be excavated and backfilled to confirm that the material di­rectly under the site is of proper quality. The depth of site excavation can vary, depending on the object to occur.

* Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving and/or processing of quantities of soil or unformed rock. (1 600 п.зн.)

4. Соедините подходящие части, добавив глаголы.

• Site preparation...

• Site clearance...

• Grading site area...

• Site excavation...

• Balancing a site...

...removing soil from high to low spots.

.. .a level base for a construction work. .

..to confirm the material under the site being of proper quality.

...achieving the prescribed topography.

.. .of different activities.

...ground remediation as well.

.. .the tone for the rest of the project.

...putting away all trees, rocks, hedges, ditches, etc.

.. .clearing and grubbing the site.

...to remove soil, rock and other materials.

.. .to prevent water damage to basements.

...using existing on the site soils and rocks.

...removing fly-tipped materials.

...a level to establish the foundations.

5. Ответьте на вопросы.

   1. What activities does site preparation involve?

   2. What can be ground contaminated with?

   3. What recyclable materials do you know?

   4. How do you understand the notion 'prescribed topography'?

   5. How does importing-exporting soil add to cost of a project?

   6. Why is it necessary to ensure a level base on the site?

   7. Of what quality, you think, should soil be to erect an object on?

6. Кратко и информативно расскажите о видах земляных ра­бот при подготовке стройплощадки.