Времена группы Perfect Continuous Настоящее завершенное длительное время (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

Образование: “have” или “has” (в 3 л. ед. ч.) + “been” + глагол с окончанием –ing (have/has been Ving) – have/has been working.

Для образования вопросительных и отрицательных форм используются “have” и “has”.

Показатели времени Present Perfect: предлоги for, since.

Positive Form	Negative Form	General Question
We have been reading this book for an hour. He has been writing a letter since 2 o’clock	We have not been reading this book for an hour. He has not been writing a letter since 2 o’clock	Have we been reading this book for an hour? Has he been writing a letter since 2 o’clock?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Has he been writing a letter since 2 o’clock? – Yes, he has/No, he hasn’t.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• He has been writing a letter since 2 o’clock, hasn’t he?

• He hasn’t been writing a letter since 2 o’clock, has he?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question):

Порядок слов:

1) вопросительное слово,

2) вспомогательный глагол (have, has),

3) подлежащее,

4) основной (смысловой) глагол (been Ving).

• How long has he been writing a letter?

Вопрос к подлежащему задается в 3 л. в ед. .:

• Who has been writing a letter since 2 o’clock?

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense употребляется:

1. Для выражения длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом и длится до сих пор.

• She has been working in the garden since 3 o’clock.

• He has been living in Moscow for three years.

2. Для выражения длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом и закончилось непосредственно перед моментом речи. Период времени, в течение которого совершалось действие, может быть как указан, так и не указан.

• I fell tired as I have been working in the garden for several hours.

• Why is your hair wet? – I have been swimming.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Put the verbs into the Present Perfect Continuous.

1. I'm tired. I (work) all day. 2. How long (you wait) here? 3. I (stand) here since 6 o'clock. 4. How long (you learn) Chinese? 5. She (study) English for five years. 6. You're out of breath. ... (you run)? 7. We (live) here for twelve years. 8. My hands are dirty. I (repair) the car. 9. How long (the children, sleep)? 10. What (you, do) all afternoon? 11. They (ring) me about it every day for the past week. 12. It started raining last Monday and it (rain) ever since.

Ex. 2. Say how long something has been happening.

Example: It is raining. It started raining two hours ago. It has been raining for two hours.

1. I’m waiting. I started waiting 15 minutes ago. I … . 2. Helen is studying. She began studying three hours ago. She ... . 3. He’s learning Spanish. He started learning Spanish in De­cember. He ... since December. 4. My sister is working in London. She started working there in May. She … since May. 5. Tom is looking for a job. He began looking for it six months ago. He ... . 6. George smokes. He started smoking five years ago. He ... . 7. Mum is watering the garden. She ... for hours. 8. The manager is checking the figures. He ... for a long time. 9. It is snowing. It ... for a week. 10. John is sleeping. He ... for 8 hours.

Ex. 3. Ask questions for each situation.

Example: Your friend's hands are covered in oil. (you / work on the car?) – Have you been working on the car?

1. You see a little girl. Her eyes are red and watery. (you/cry?) 2. You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you/wait/long?) 3. Tom is a good chess-player, (he/since childhood?) 4. Michael's hands are aching. (he/carry two heavy bags?) 5. Sarah is busy. (work hard recently?) 6. Your friend comes in. His face and hands are dirty. (what/you/do?) 7. They started waiting for a bus not long ago. (How long ...?) 8. It's raining. (How long ...?)

Ex. 4. Answer the questions.

1. How long have you been living in this city? 2. How long have you been studying English? 3. How long have you been studying at university? 4. Do you go in for any sports? How long have you been going in for this kind of sports? 5. Do you play any musical instrument? How long have you been playing this instrument? 6. Are you reading any book now? How long have you been reading this book? 7. Where does your mother work? How long has she been working there? 8. Where does your father work? How long has he been working there? 9. Have you got a brother or a sister? What is he (she)? How long has he (she) been studying at school (at university)?

Ex. 5. Ask questions with “how long”.

Example: It is raining. How long has it been raining?

1. My foot is hurting. 2. Mike plays chess. 3. Jim sells washing machines. 4. Tom is living in the High Street. 5. Jane is writing letters. 6. George smokes. 7. Helen studies French. 8. The boys are playing football. 9. Ann is translating the text. 10. They are discussing the plan. 11. Dick is watching TV. 12. She is talking to her friend. 13. Your friend is waiting for you. 14. Bill writes books.