Ex. 25. Match the following types of visuals to their functions.

pie chart	showing a simple drawing that emphasizes only key points
bullet chart	showing dimensions and features of an object
map	showing lists of ideas
diagram	showing realistic details
illustration	comparing percentages
photograph	showing layout and location

PRESENTATION

• Introduction

• Message

• Conclusion

Ex. 26. Based on the information from Exercises 23-25, answer the following questions.

1. What is the main function of visual aids in an informative presentation?

2. What is the rule about including numbers in the text?

3. What kind of visual aid is used to show trends?

4. How many lines should a line graph contain?

5. Why are tables with numbers not recommended for use in the presentation?

6. What is the advantage of using bar charts?

7. What other types of visual aids can you name? When are they appropriate to use?

Ex. 27. Look through the following phrases to comment on a visual aid and make sure you understand their meaning. Also, note the structure of presenting the visual aid.

Commenting On a Visual

1) Introduce the visual aid

1. Let us now look at / I’d like to draw your attention to the following slide.

2. Have a look at this / Take a look at this.

3. Now, let’s look at the position for …

4. Let’s move on now and look at the figures for …

5. If we now turn to the …

2. Explain what the visual shows.

The following slide / table / chart / graph / plot / diagram / scheme shows / illustrates / demonstrates / reveals / represents / reflects …

3) Focus your audience’s attention on particular details of the visual.

1. You can see the …

2. As you / we can see …

3. What is interesting / important is …

4. I’d like to draw your attention to …

5. Notice / Observe the …

6. It is important / interesting to notice that …

7. According to this graph / diagram …

8. It can be seen from this table that …

4) Draw conclusions

I am sure the implication of this / the conclusion to be drawn from this are clear to all of us.

Useful phrases for commenting on figures

in relation to …	twice	as	high	as …
compared with …	three times		large
			many
half of		double		percentage of number of
double	(that)	treble	the
treble		half

Ex. 28. These expressions highlight important information in a visual. Complete them using the following prepositions:

on to at out about

	us to look	1. ….this part of the graph in more detail.
	us to focus our attention	2. ….one particularly important feature.
I would like	you to think	3. ….the significance of this figure here.
	to point	4. ….one or two interesting details
	to draw your attention	5. ….the upper half of the chart.

Ex. 29. Here are the most important verbs to talk about change and development. Complete them by adding vowels A, E, I, O and U.

_ ncr_ _ s _ r _ s _	d _cr _ _ s _ f _ ll	sh _ _ t _ p t _ k _ _ ff
pl _ ng _ sl _mp	fl _ ct _ _ t _	st _ b _ l _ z _ l _ v _ l _ ff
r _ m _ _ n st_ _ dy	13. p _ _ k	14. h _ t a l _ w 15. b _ tt _ m _ _ t

Sometimes it is not enough to talk about increases and decreases. You may also want to draw your audience’s attention to the scale and comment on its significance.

Notice the means to describe graphs:

a trend involves a direction: an upward trend / a downward trend

a curve involves a shape and position: convex/concave

a slope / peak / plateau

Ex. 30. Here are some adjectives that will help you describe change and development. Note that not all the words below can go with each other. Practice saying nouns together with adjectives and see, which of them match well.

Make up ten phrases according to the pattern that may be relevant to your work or study project.

There was / has been a(n) (very)

minimal slight small slow gradual steady marked large dramatic steep sharp rapid sudden

rise increase fluctuation decrease decline reduction fall drop

in … of …

Ex. 31. Write the following adjectives from the box in the correct space on the diagram below according to what kind of change they describe:

substantial	rapid	encouraging	slight	spectacular
disastrous	moderate	disappointing	steady	enormous

BIG	FAST	GOOD
1)		7)
2)	5)	8)
3)	6)	9)
4)		10)
SMALL	SLOW	BAD