
- •И.А. Скрябина
- •Роат Москва – 2010
- •Isbn 978-5-7473-0520-5 © Московский государственный
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Часть I. Аудиторные тексты с упражнениями (20 уроков) для работы с преподавателем и самостоятельной работы.
- •Часть II. Краткий грамматический справочник носит повторительный характер и только по тем разделам грамматики, которые отражены в пособии.
- •Часть III. Тексты для внеаудиторной работы с пояснениями.
- •Part I. Texts and exercises Unit 1
- •Read the text What does economics study?
- •I. Find the answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text:
- •III. Match the words with the definitions.
- •Grammar exercises
- •Word origin Robot: a slave
- •Malcolm Humphrey
- •Read the text History of economic thought
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •IV. Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin budget: Just a little bag
- •Read the text The traditional economy
- •I. Find the answers in the text:
- •Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Choose the correct answer а, в or с from the list below.
- •IV. Now read the text again and match each paragraph with the correct heading.
- •V. Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •VI. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Translate word combinations, the last noun is defined by previous nouns — here they are attributes (§ 3).
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it.
- •I. Find the answers in the text:
- •Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •Grammar exercises
- •VIII. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the following words, translate them.
- •IX. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin
- •Volume: a roll of papyrus
- •Read the text The planned economy
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text:
- •Is going to happen
- •IV. Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
- •V. Say what you have learned about:
- •VI. Discuss this question with your partner.
- •VII. Discuss the following with your partner.
- •Grammar exercises
- •IX. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •Word origin Nickname
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •IV. Now read the text again and answer the questions.
- •V. Say what you have learned about:
- •VI. Discuss the following with your partner.
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Write questions to which underlined words are the answers (§ 12).
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin company: eats bread with you
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain. Stand a good chance for English.
- •Read the text Consumer choices
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •Complete the sentences as in the text:
- •III. Now read the text again and answer the questions.
- •IV. Choose the correct word or phrase.
- •V. Say what you have learned about:
- •VI. Discuss with your partner how you make choices about what you are going to buy.
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Put the sentences into negative form (§ 13). Practise the use of the sentences in negative form.
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin Mirror: used for admiration
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. The poem to enjoy. Try to learn it by heart.
- •I. Find answers in the text.
- •Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
- •IV. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box:
- •Grammar exercises
- •X. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it.
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain Enlarge your greetings
- •I. Find answers in the text.
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Choose the correct answer а, в or с from the list below.
- •IV. Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
- •V. Discuss the following with your partner.
- •VI. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Translate the sentences. Practise the use of Modal Verbs (§ 14).
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs. (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •Word origin Hobby
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. The poem to enjoy. Try to learn it by heart. Robert frost The dust of snow
- •Read the text Money
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text:
- •III. Choose the correct word or phrase.
- •Grammar exercises
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin sandwich
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain The London Tube
- •Unit 11
- •Read the text Banks
- •I. Find answers in the text.
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box:
- •V. Discuss the following with your partner.
- •VI. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Translate the sentences. Practise the use of Past Participle (§ 15).
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin bribe: a piece of bread
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. The poem to enjoy. Try to learn it by heart. Henry w. Longfellow afternoon in february
- •Unit 12
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
- •IV. Now read the text again and match some paragraphs with the correct heading.
- •V. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box:
- •VI. Now read the text again and answer the questions.
- •VII. Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •VIII. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •IX. Translate the sentences. Practise the use of the Absolute Participle Construction (§ 16).
- •X. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin gymnastics: in the nude
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain. Wonders of Cornwall
- •Unite 13
- •Read the text Division of labour
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box:
- •IV. Now read the text again and match each paragraph with the correct heading.
- •V. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VI. Translate the sentences. Practise the use of Gerund (§ 17).
- •VII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it.
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. The poem to enjoy. Try to learn it by heart. Eunice Close Mad March wind
- •Unit 14
- •Read the text Inflation and unemployment
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Choose the correct word.
- •IV. Now read the text again and match each paragraph with the correct heading.
- •V. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •Grammar exercises
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin paper: from the papyrus plant
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain British Christmas
- •Unit 15
- •Read the text Economic growth and shocks
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Choose the correct answer а, в or с from the list below.
- •IV. Now read the text again and choose the sentence which best summarizes each paragraph. Paragraph 1
- •V. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box:
- •VI. Now read the text again and choose the best way to finish each sentence.
- •VII. Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •VI. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Translate the sentences. Practise the use of Infinitives in different functions (§19).
- •Al leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin bread: merely a fragment
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. The poem to enjoy. Try to learn it by heart. April Spring is coming
- •Unit 16
- •Read the text Less developed countries
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Choose the correct word.
- •IV. Now read the text again and choose the best answer а, в or с to complete each sentence.
- •V. Discuss this question with your partner.
- •VI. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Translate the sentences. Practise the use of Complex Object (§ 20).
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin magazine: once a storehouse
- •2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain. Small is beautiful
- •Unit 17
- •Read the text International trade
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text:
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
- •IV. Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
- •Grammar exercises
- •IX. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •Word origin pupil: Just a doll
- •2. Translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. The poem to enjoy. Try to learn it by heart. Lovely May
- •Unit 18
- •Read the text
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
- •IV. Now read the text again and answer these questions in your own words.
- •V. Complete the summary by choosing the best word or number for each gap.
- •V. Discuss this question with your partner.
- •VI. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Translate the sentences. Practise the use and translation of sentences taking into account Sequence of Tenses (§22).
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. Word origin
- •2. Translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalent, give a situation using them.
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain. Teens and Internet
- •Unit 19
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
- •Grammar exercises
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the sentences.
- •2. Translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. The poem to enjoy. Try to learn it by heart. The seasons
- •Unit 20
- •Read the text Russia’s foreign trade
- •I. Find answers in the text:
- •II. Complete the sentences as in the text.
- •III. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •IV. Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
- •V. Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •VI. Say what you have learned about:
- •Grammar exercises
- •VII. Translate the asyndetic sentences (§ 24). Insert missed conjunctions.
- •VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.
- •At leisure
- •1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. World origin Purse: made from hide
- •2. Translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.
- •3. A glimpse of Great Britain. British food
- •§ 8. Неопределенные местоимения
- •§ 9. Числительные
- •§ 10. Оборот there is (are)
- •§ 11. Глагол
- •§ 12. Образование вопросительной формы
- •§ 13. Образование отрицательной формы.
- •§ 14. Модальные глаголы
- •Глаголы долженствования
- •§ 15. Причастие
- •§ 16. Независимый причастный оборот
- •§ 17. Герундий
- •§ 18. Формы с окончанием -ing
- •§ 19. Инфинитив
- •§ 20. Инфинитивный оборот «Complex Оbject»
- •§ 22. Согласование времен
- •§ 23. Условные предложения
- •§ 24. Бессоюзные придаточные предложения
- •Суффиксы имен прилагательных
- •Суффиксы имен существительных
- •1. Fresh air (1400 р.С.*) Climate change
- •3. Time to use insurance to stop people building on flood plains (1600 р.С.)
- •4. Alternative Fuel: Russia’s Strides (1800 р.С.)
- •5. The truth about recycling (2200 р.С.)
- •6. Suffer the little children (2000 р.С.) Most of the rich world is short of babies
- •7. The benefits and the costs of living longer (2000 р.С.)
- •8. The end of retirement (1400 p.C.)
- •9. No place to call home (1600 p.C.) China’s migrant workers
- •10. Finding Oil or Saving Bears? (1800 p.C.)
- •125993, Москва, Часовая ул., 22/2
- •125993, Москва, Часовая ул., 22/2
§ 8. Неопределенные местоимения
Many и few употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными, а much и little с неисчисляемыми:
Many students — много студентов Much water — много воды
Few books — мало книг Little time — мало времени
§ 9. Числительные
Числительные количественные:
1 — one; 2 — two; 3 — three; 4 — four; 5 — five; 6 — six; 7 — seven; 8 — eight; 9 — nine; 10 — ten; 11 — eleven; 12 — twelve; 13 — thirteen; 14 — fourteen; 15 — fifteen; 16 — sixteen; 17 — seventeen; 18 — eighteen; 19 — nineteen; 20 — twenty; 21 — twenty-one; 22 — twenty-two; 23 — twenty-three; 24 — twenty-four; 25 — twenty-five и т.д. 30 — thirty; 40 — forty; 50 — fifty; 60 — sixty; 70 – seventy; 80 — eighty; 90 — ninety; 100 — hundred; 1000 — thousand; 375 — three hundred and seventy-five; 2,902 — two thousand, nine hundred and two.
131
Порядковые числительные (за исключением первых трех) образуются от соответствующих количественных прибавлением суффикса -th, и перед ними ставится определенный артикль. Исключение составляют:
one — the first; two — the second; three — the third; five — the fifth; twelve — the twelfth; eight — the eighth; nine — the ninth; а в обозначении десятков: twenty — the twentieth.
В простых дробях числитель выражается количественным числительным, а знаменатель — порядковым.
1/3 — one third
Но 1/2 читается — a half; 1/4 — a quarter.
Если числитель больше единицы, то знаменатель прини мает окончание s.
3/7 ton — three sevenths of a ton.
12/3 miles — one and two thirds of a mile.
В десятичных дробях целое число от дроби отделяется точ кой (а не запятой, как в русском языке), которая читается — point.
3.06 — three point nought six.
Ноль целых читается nought [no:t] или совсем не читается: 0.28 — (nought) point two eight или nought point twenty- eight.
Числительные hundred, thousand, million не принимают окончания s, если перед ними стоит количественное числи тельное: six thousand books.
При летосчислении даты читаются по две цифры. 1968 – nineteen sixty- eight.
2010 — twenty ten
§ 10. Оборот there is (are)
В разных временных формах стоит в начале предложения, указывает на местонахождения лица или предмета, переводиться есть, находиться, существует. Перевод предложений с этим оборотом лучше начинать с обстоятельства места.
132
There is a new store in this street.
На этой улице (есть, находится) новый магазин.
There are various forms of money. Существуют различные формы денег.
§ 11. Глагол
Английский глагол имеет 4 основные формы. По способу образования 2 и 3 форм глаголы делятся на пра вильные (стандартные) и неправильные (нестандартные).
I форма II форма III форма IV форма |
|||
Infinitive Неопределенная форма глагола характеризует ся частицей «to», сто я-щей перед глаголом (кроме модальных глаголов) |
Past Indefinite Past Participle Прошедшее не- Причастие про-определенное шедшего вре мени время име ет имеет окончание окончание «ed» «ed» для правиль-для пра вильных ных глаголов глаго лов для неправильных – см. с. 140 |
Present Partici ple Причастие настоящего вре мени имеет окончание «ing» для всех глаголов |
|
to live — глагол правильный (жить) |
lived |
lived |
living |
to begin — глагол неправильный (начинать) |
began |
begun |
beginning |
Времена в английском языке образуются путём сочетания вспомогательных глаголов to be, to have, to do, shall, will и их производных и смысловых глаголов в одной из четырех форм.
Таблица времен глагола в действительном залоге (Tenses in Active Voice)
Группа (как?) Время (когда?) |
Indefinite неопределенная |
Continuous продолженная to be + IV форма |
Perfect завершенная to have + III форма |
|
Present настоящее |
I форма без to, в 3 лице ед. ч. -S- |
для образования вопросительной и отрицатель ной формы – DO, DOES |
Am Is + ing Are |
Have + ed Has |
133
Продолжение
Группа (как?) Время (когда?) |
Indefinite неопределенная |
Continuous продолженная to be + IV форма |
Perfect завершенная to have + III форма |
|
Past прошедшее |
II форма глагола -ed для прав.гл. |
Did |
Wa s + ing We r e |
Had + ed |
Future будущее |
Shall – для 1 л. ед. и мн.ч. + + I форма глагола без to; Will – для 2 и 3 л. ед. и мн. числа |
|
Shall be + ing Will be |
Shall have + ed Will have |
Основные случаи употребления |
Действие относится к настоящему, прошедшему или будущему времени без уточнения условий и характера его протекания |
В какой-то определенный момент настоящего, прошедшего или буду-ще го времени действие продолжается |
Действие закончено, завершено к определенному моменту в настоящем, прошедшем или бу дущем |
В придаточных предложениях условия и времени (союзы if, when, before, after и др.) будущее время заменяется настоящим. When they come we shall sign contracts. Когда они придут, мы подпишем контракты.
Таблица времен глагола в страдательном залоге Tenses in Passive Voice (to be + III форма)
Группа Время |
Indefinite (неопределенная) |
Continuous (продолженная) |
Perfect (завершенная) |
Present (настоящее) |
Am Is + ed Are |
Am being Is being + ed Are being |
Have been + ed Has been |
Past (прошедшее) |
Was + ed We r e |
Was being + ed Were being |
Had been + ed |
Future (будущее) |
Will be + ed Shall be |
– |
Shall have been + ed Will have been |
134