Grammar exercises

VII. Translate the asyndetic sentences (§ 24). Insert missed conjunctions.

Practise the translation of such sentences.

1. The equipment you are speaking about is in great demand on the world market.

2. The chief engineer I wanted to speak to was not available at that time.

3. The articles I was going through were in English.

4. The day we wanted to reserve for our talks wasn’t quite convenient to some of our firms.

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5. I didn’t like the book my friend had recommended me to read.

6. The information we were discussing was very useful for us.

7. That day we had no opportunity to see the engineer I was to go on business.

8. The reports the auditor prepares annually should be available to the shareholders.

9. Each consumer looks for different qualities in the products they buy.

10. We know management includes such components as planning, organizing and coordinating.

VIII. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§11). Translate the sentences.

1. Such primary goods as steel, timber, minerals (to be) very important in economy. 2. This information is too outdated, if it (to use) in analysis of the present-day situation. 3. Like physical capital, human capital (to be) important enough to indicate economic development of a nation. 4. The problem is that demand (to be) practically limitless and the resources for producing goods (to limit) in supply. 5. Simplified models of economic units (to use) in macroeconomics analysis. 6. For efficient business all production costs (to minimize). 7. Every manager (to know) labour efficiency in his enterprise before preparing a report. 8. The European economy of the 2020s (to be) very different from that of Europe we (to know) for the last decades.

At leisure

1. Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it. World origin Purse: made from hide

The purse in which a modern girl carries her change, keys, compact, and dozens of other things has as its ancestor the Greek word bursa meaning «leather, skin, or hide». Since purses are often made out of leather the equivalent Latin word filtered into French meaning purse or the money in the purse. English adopted the word as purse familiar to us. 128

2. Translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents, give a situation using them.

• A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

• An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.

3. A glimpse of Great Britain. British food

Britain is famous all over the world for its gardens, dogs, villages, buses, cars, private schools, the Queen, sports like football and cricket, Parliament. You have read about some of these things in articles or in books. However, not so much has been written about the wonderful food that can be found in Britain. British food has at various times of history been the envy of Europe.

People who visited from other European countries said that nowhere else could you find such tender juicy steaks, such luscious thick-cut mut­ton chops, huge prime pieces of beef and famous pies.

Part II. Краткий грамматический справочник

§ 1. Множественное число существительных

Образуется прибавлением суффикса (e)s к форме единственного числа.

Примеры: (с учетом орфографических изменений)

desk — desks duty — duties box — boxes life — lives boy — boys

Исключениe:

man — men woman — women child — children crisis — crises и др.

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§ 2. Притяжательный падеж существительных

Образуется путем прибавления к существительному в един­ственном числе `s, во множественном числе прибавлением апо­строфа после существительного, употребляется с неодушевлен­ными существительным:

The student`s note-book — ед.ч. — Тетрадь студента The students` note-books — мн.ч. — Тетради студентов

§ 3. Существительное в функции определения

Если стоят подряд два или более существительных без предло­гов, то они являются определением к последнему:

oil price restriction — ограничение цен на нефть

§ 4. Личные местоимения

Изменяются по числам и падежам:

Падеж Число	Именительный	Объектный
Единственное	I He She It	Me Him Her It
Множественное	We Yo u They	Us Yo u Them
Роль в предложении Подлежащее Дополнение

§ 5. Притяжательное местоимение (чей?)

Ед.ч. Мн.ч.

My Our

His Your

Her Their Its

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§ 6. Указательные местоимения

Ед.ч. Мн.ч.

This — these — этот, эта, это – эти That — those — тот, та, то – те Such — such — такой – такие

§ 7. Степени сравнения прилагательных

Тип слова	Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Одно- и двухсложные	Long Easy	Longer Easier	The longest The easiest
Многосложные	Interesting	More Interesting	The most Interesting
Исключение	Good Bad Little	Better Wor se Less	The best The worst The least