Grammar structure Adverbial Clauses of Condition in Scientific English

1. Read sentences which should be translated into Ukrainian with 'би':

1. Were they here yesterday? 2. Were he here, he would help us. 3. Had he known this formula, he would have solved the equation. 4. Had he graduated from the Institute by that time? 5. Had she had supper when you came home? 6. Had they determined this compound before the reaction, the results would have been quite different. 7. Were it warm today, we should go to the country. 8. Were these magnitudes defined?

2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the word 'were':

I. Were the values known, we could finish our experiment. 2. The favorable conditions were obtained very quickly. 3. They were to refer to these data. 4. If he were a good student, he would have passed all the exams long ago. 5. These students were in the Institute in the morning. 6. Unless there were a mistake in his dictation, he would have got excellent.

3. Choose the correct forms:

1. If you (compare, will compare) these two forces, you will see that the difference is negligible. 2. If you (study, will study) this subject thoroughly, you will get a good mark. 3. If this student uses this method of analysis, he (solve, will solve) this problem. 4. The relations (would be, are) represented by symbols provided the algebraic method were used. 5. These two forces would not constitute a couple unless they (were, would be) equal in amount and opposite in direction. 6. You would compound these couples provided you (combined, combine) their vectors. 7. If we (had, had had) enough time, we should have repeated our experiment yesterday. 8. If you (modified, had modified) the conditions at the very beginning, you would have obtained better results. 9. The lecturer would (have referred, refer) to that formula in his last lecture provided it were important. 10. He couldn't solve the problem unless he (had calculated, calculated) this equation at our last lesson. 11. If they had identified this substance at that time, they could (finish, have finished) the experiment long ago. 12. There would be no difficulties now provided this problem (was considered, had been considered) prop­erly at our last meeting.

4. Translate the following sentences:

1. We could study X-ray radiation from the earth laboratories unless our atmosphere absorbed this radiation. 2. The speed of a sputnik-would be less provided it moved at a greater distance from the earth. 3. This district would have generated twice as much energy provided such a power station had been built at that time. 4. Were these two forces not parallel, they would not constitute a couple. 5. The flight of the first manned spaceship would have been impossible unless the problem of the return to the earth had been solved. 6. If gamma rays were positively charged, they would be deflected by the magnetic field.

5. Translate from Ukrainian into English:

1. Якби в нас було достатньо часу, ми б повторили цей експеримент. 2. Ми б вирішили цю проблему в найближчому майбутньому, якби змогли провести ще кілька дослідів. 3. Ми б вирішили це рівняння вчора, якби в нас були ці дані. 4. Якби вчені не вивчили закони руху планет, ми не могли б запустити перші супутники. 5. Якби речовини випромінювали однаковий спектр, ми не могли б використовувати цей метод.