Vocabulary comprehension and summary writing

1. Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the text.

1. What does nanotechnology refer to?

2. What is a nanometer?

3. Who introduced the basic idea of nanotechnology?

4. What was the first practical approach to creating nanotechnology?

5. Why is it so important for scientists and engineers to build functional transistors from just a few atoms?

6. Which materials are called nanotubes?

7. What is nanotechnology doing for us today?

8. How is nanotechnology used in chemistry?

9. What are the main applications of nanotechnology in electronics?

10. How will nanotechnology develop in the future?

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words and word combinations and write them out:

інженери, які працюють в області нанотехнології; основна ідея нанотехнології; мікроскопічні вироби; декілька молекул; механічна мікро обробка; нанотрубка; видалити бактерії; збереження генетичної інформації; молекули, розчинені в рідині.

3. Give definitions of the following words:

nanotechnology, nanotube, nano-scale, electron, proton, transistor.

4. Agree or disagree with the statements given below. The following phrases may be helpful:

Yes, you are right; you are quite right; I’m afraid you are mistaken; you are wrong.

1. Nanotechnology refers to the new technology of putting together atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule.

2. A nanometer is one millionth of a meter.

3. “Micromachining” was the first attempt of creating nanotechnology.

4. Photolithographic etching processes impose physical limits on the size of the transistor.

5. Chemists have introduced new metals that are stronger and better than earlier types of metals.

6. Future computers based on nanotechnology may eliminate transistors altogether.

5. Open the brackets and translate the words into English:

1. Using etching techniques engineers began building microscopic machines with (крихітними важелями та роторами).

2. (Зв’язок) between nanotechnology and electronics grew stronger.

3. “Moore’s Law” predicted that the size of features on integrated circuits would (зменшиться) dramatically over the time.

4. Many engineers and scientists use tools such as (атомний силовий мікроскоп) to build functional transistors from just a few atoms.

5. Filters using (наночастинки) are capable of removing bacteria and viruses from drinking water.

6. Other researchers (сконцентровують свої зусилля на) studying the way nanotechnologies will work.

7. Nanotechnology is so new and (малозрозуміла).

6. Complete the following sentences:

1. A nanometer is ….

2. Feynman predicted that tiny assembly machines made from… could be built and that these assemblers would be used to ….

3. Engineers believed that microscopic machines would soon be used in practical systems, such as ….

4. Nanotubes are used in ….

5. Quantum dots can be used to ….

7. From the following choose the words that are opposable in the meaning to the bold ones:

renowned – famous, unknown, obscure, illustrious

tiny – huge, miniature, wee, enormous

illuminate – lighten, darken, shadow, brighten

demand – give up, claim, ask for, relinquish

8. From the following choose the words that are most nearly the same in meaning to the bold ones:

scientist – scholar, statesman, expert, engineer

speed – force, more, velocity, rate

anticipate – expect, find out, foresee, confine

9. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold type:

1. The word “integrated” refers to the fact that all transistors, diodes, resistors are formed from a single piece of semiconductor material called a “chip” or a “die”.

2. Every geometrical operation can be referred to the realm of numbers.

3. The teacher referred to the difference between these two formulas.

4. In doing mathematical problems students usually use reference-books.

5. The students were referred to their teacher.

6. We can refer every point in the plane to x-axis and y-axis.