Vocabulary comprehension and summary writing.

1. Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the text.

   1. Where can we find integrated circuits?

   2. Are computers extremely complicated technological systems?

   3. What are the most familiar chips?

   4. What are memory chips used for?

   5. What does memory chip consist of?

   6. Who invented the metal oxide semiconductor?

   7. What are the main functions of microprocessor?

   8. Why did engineers begin “integrating” the separate units onto one or more chips?

   9. Who developed the first microprocessors and microcontrollers?

   10. What does a chip contain?

   11. What is called Moore’s Law?

   12. What are the major reasons for innovation in the integrated circuit field?

   13. What are the ways of constructing the next generation of chips?

   14. What technology may open up entirely new directions in the 21st century?

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words and word combinations and write them out:

інтегральні схеми, надзвичайно складні технологічні системи, функціонування звукових та телевізійних систем, втрачати інформацію при вимиканні комп’ютера, зберігати дані постійно, двійковий код, на відміну від мікросхеми пам’яті, конденсатори, індивідуальні молекули.

3. Give definitions of the following words:

Integrated circuits, microprocessor, microcontroller, hard drive, transistor, memory, computer register.

4. Agree or disagree with the statements given below. The following phrases may be helpful:

nothing of the kind, of course, certainly, sure, indeed, far from it, on the contrary, on no account.

1. Computers were one of the first places where IC took hold.

2. Memory chips keep information, such as programs and data.

3. In every computer piece of data is translated into a complex “code”.

4. To pack so many transistor and circuit elements onto one chip engineers have had to increase the size of the parts.

5. The new generation of chips will have to be assembled from individual molecules.

5. Open the brackets and translate the words into English:

1. The “main” memory is usually for (збереження даних).

2. A program like web browser that (має справу з великою кількістю) of texts, displays pictures, accepts input from the user and (з’єднується) with other computers (потребує) millions of transistors to store all the coded information that passes through.

3. A chip contains elements (необхідні) to make a circuit, such as (резистори, конденсатори і з’єднувальні провідники).

4. The first integrated circuits (винайдені) in 1958 had just a few transistors.

6. Match English terms with their definitions and learn them by heart:

Term	Definition
1. Integrated circuit	a) an electronic device that performs calculations and processes information
2. Computer	b) is usually one chip (IC) to which memory chips and I/O chips are added.
3. Microprocessor	c) is a collection of interconnected transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors mounted in one package or case.