Answer the question

1. What are the main type of taxes?

2. What determines who pays the tax?

3. What is the income tax?

4. What methods enforcement authorities use against tax fraud?

5. What is the poll tax?

6. What type of taxes is called “the earliest”?

7. What type of taxes is difficult to cheat?

8. What is the VAT?

9. Which type of taxes sometimes called a goods and services tax?

10. What is the reason of the retail economy to go off the books?

Match the words with the definitions

direct tax		a tax levied on the income of individuals or businesses (corporations or other legal entities). When the tax is levied on the income of companies, it is often called a corporate tax, or profit tax
indirect tax		a form of consumption tax. From the perspective of the buyer, it is a tax on the purchase price
income tax		a tax paid directly to the government by the persons on whom it is imposed
poll tax		commonly referred to as an inland tax on the sale, or production for sale, of specific goods; or, more narrowly, as a tax on a good produced for sale, or sold, within a country or licenses for specific activities
value added tax (VAT)		a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer)
market		one of many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange
revenue		a tax of a portioned, fixed amount applied to an individual in accordance with the census (as opposed to a percentage of income)
manufacturing		it occurs when an individual or business entity willfully and intentionally falsifies information on a tax return in order to limit the amount of tax liability
tax fraud		is the use of machines, tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale
excise tax		income that a company receives from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers

Match the words with the definitions

direct tax	C	a tax levied on the income of individuals or businesses (corporations or other legal entities). When the tax is levied on the income of companies, it is often called a corporate tax, or profit tax
indirect tax	E	a form of consumption tax. From the perspective of the buyer, it is a tax on the purchase price
income tax	A	a tax paid directly to the government by the persons on whom it is imposed
poll tax	G	commonly referred to as an inland tax on the sale, or production for sale, of specific goods; or, more narrowly, as a tax on a good produced for sale, or sold, within a country or licenses for specific activities
value added tax (VAT)	B	a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer)
market	F	one of many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange
revenue	J	a tax of a portioned, fixed amount applied to an individual in accordance with the census (as opposed to a percentage of income)
manufacturing	I	it occurs when an individual or business entity willfully and intentionally falsifies information on a tax return in order to limit the amount of tax liability
tax fraud	H	is the use of machines, tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale
excise tax	D	income that a company receives from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers

COMPLETE THE ADVERTISEMENT WITH THE FOLLOWING WORDS

assessed liable tithes productivity amount

taxation collect tax levied divide

The first known system of __________ (1) was in Ancient Egypt around 3000 BC - 2800 BC in the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The earliest and most widespread form of taxation was the corvée and tithe. The corvée was forced labour provided to the state by peasants too poor to pay other forms of taxation (labour in ancient Egyptian is a synonym for taxes). Records from the time document that the pharaoh would conduct a biennial tour of the kingdom, collecting __________(2) from the people. Other records are granary receipts on limestone flakes and papyrus. Early taxation is also described in the Bible. In Genesis it states "But when the crop comes in, give a fifth of it to Pharaoh. The other four-fifths you may keep as seed for the fields and as food for yourselves and your households and your children". Joseph was telling the people of Egypt how to __________(3) their crop, providing a portion to the Pharaoh. A share (20%) of the crop was the __________(4).

Later, in the Persian Empire, a regulated and sustainable tax system was introduced by Darius I the Great in 500 BC;  the Persian system of taxation was tailored to each Satrapy (the area ruled by a Satrap or provincial governor). At differing times, there were between 20 and 30 Satrapies in the Empire and each was assessed according to its supposed __________(5). It was the responsibility of the Satrap to __________(6) the due amount and to send it to the emperor, after deducting his expenses. The quantities demanded from the various provinces gave a vivid picture of their economic potential. For instance, Babylon was __________(7) for the highest amount and for a startling mixture of commodities; 1,000 silver talents and four months supply of food for the army. India, a province fabled for its gold, was to supply gold dust equal in value to the very large __________(8) of 4,680 silver talents. Egypt was known for the wealth of its crops; it was to be the granary of the Persian Empire and was required to provide 120,000 measures of grain in addition to 700 talents of silver. This was exclusively a tax __________(9) on subject peoples. Persians and Medes paid no tax, but, they were __________ (10) at any time to serve in the army.

COMPLETE THE ADVERTISEMENT WITH THE FOLLOWING WORDS

assessed liable tithes productivity amount

taxation collect tax levied divide

The first known system of taxation (1) was in Ancient Egypt around 3000 BC - 2800 BC in the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The earliest and most widespread form of taxation was the corvée and tithe. The corvée was forced labour provided to the state by peasants too poor to pay other forms of taxation (labour in ancient Egyptian is a synonym for taxes). Records from the time document that the pharaoh would conduct a biennial tour of the kingdom, collecting tithes (2) from the people. Other records are granary receipts on limestone flakes and papyrus. Early taxation is also described in the Bible. In Genesis it states "But when the crop comes in, give a fifth of it to Pharaoh. The other four-fifths you may keep as seed for the fields and as food for yourselves and your households and your children". Joseph was telling the people of Egypt how to divide (3) their crop, providing a portion to the Pharaoh. A share (20%) of the crop was the tax (4).

Later, in the Persian Empire, a regulated and sustainable tax system was introduced by Darius I the Great in 500 BC;  the Persian system of taxation was tailored to each Satrapy (the area ruled by a Satrap or provincial governor). At differing times, there were between 20 and 30 Satrapies in the Empire and each was assessed according to its supposed productivity (5). It was the responsibility of the Satrap to collect (6) the due amount and to send it to the emperor, after deducting his expenses. The quantities demanded from the various provinces gave a vivid picture of their economic potential. For instance, Babylon was assessed (7) for the highest amount and for a startling mixture of commodities; 1,000 silver talents and four months supply of food for the army. India, a province fabled for its gold, was to supply gold dust equal in value to the very large amount (8) of 4,680 silver talents. Egypt was known for the wealth of its crops; it was to be the granary of the Persian Empire and was required to provide 120,000 measures of grain in addition to 700 talents of silver. This was exclusively a tax levied (9) on subject peoples. Persians and Medes paid no tax, but, they were liable (10) at any time to serve in the army.