Language development

5. Find and learn Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

real number
Elias gamma code
floating point
decimal representation
data compression
rational number
pica
trailing zero
bijective numeration

6. Find and learn English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

целое число
позиционная система (счисления)
система знакового обозначения
натуральное число
пустая строка
арифметическое число
цифровая строка
натуральное число

KEY CONCEPTS

Bijective numeration

It is any numeral system that establishes a bijection between the set of non-negative integers and the set of finite strings over a finite set of digits. In particular, bijective base-k numeration represents a non-negative integer by using a string of digits from the set {1, 2, ..., k} (k ≥ 1) to encode the integer's expansion in powers of k.

gesimal system

The system which is based on five and twenty.

Integer

Any of the natural numbers (positive or negative) or zero; "an integer is a number that is not a fraction".

Elias gamma code

is a universal code encoding positive integers developed by Peter Elias. It is used most commonly when coding integers whose upper-bound cannot be determined beforehand.

trailing zeros

A sequence of 0s in the decimal representation (or more generally, in any positional representation) of a number, after which no other digits follow.

floating point

Describes a system for representing numbers

that would be too large or too small to be represented as integers. Numbers are in general represented approximately to a fixed number of significant digits and scaled using an exponent. The base for the scaling is normally 2, 10 or 16. The typical number that can be represented exactly is of the form: significant digits × base^exponent

The term floating point refers to the fact that the radix point (decimal point, or, more commonly in computers, binary point) can "float"; that is, it can be placed anywhere relative to the significant digits of the number. This position is indicated separately in the internal representation, and floating-point representation can thus be thought of as a computer realization of scientific notation. Over the years, several different floating-point representations have been used in computers; however, for the last ten years the most commonly encountered representation is that defined by the IEEE 754 Standard. The speed of floating-point operations is an important measure of performance for computers in many application domains. It is measured in FLOPS.

FLOPS (or flops or flop/s)

An acronym meaning FLoating point OPerations per Second. The FLOPS is a measure of a computer's performance, especially in fields of scientific calculations that make heavy use of floating point calculations, similar to the older, simpler, instructions per second. Since the final S stands for "second", conservative speakers consider "FLOPS" as both the singular and plural of the term, although the singular "FLOP" is frequently encountered.

! Study the following: The papers were late and the post was too.

If we want to say that people, things, actions or events are similar, we can use as or like; so, neither do I and similar structures; or adverbs such as too, also, and as well.

To say that they are identical, we can use the same (as).

To say that people, things etc are equal in a particular way, we often use the structure as (much/many)…as.

To say that people, things etc are unequal in a particular way, we can use comparative adjectives and verbs, or more (…than) with adjectives, adverbs, verbs or nouns.

To say which one of a group is outstanding in a particular way, we can use most.

We can use double comparatives to say that something is changing. …er and …er/more and more….

! Study the following: The more illustrated it is, the more I like it.

We can use comparatives with the +comparative expression + subject + verb, the… to say that things change or vary together, or that two variable quantities are systematically related.

! Study the following: This experiment made it all the more important to continue the research.

Another use of the meaning ‘by that much’ is in all/any/none the +comparative. This structure can be used only to express abstract ideas when we say something is or should be ‘more…’

! Study the following: It was ten times more difficult than we expected.

Instead of three/four etc times as much, we can use three/four etc times + comparative.