Примечания:

(1) главное и придаточное предложения могут меняться местами:

* If I see Ann tomorrow, I’ll tell her the news.

* I’ll tell Ann the news if I see her tomorrow.

(2) в придаточных предложениях кроме союза if - «если» могут использоваться союзы

In case - «в случае, если», unless - «если не», as long as, so long as,

provided / providing - в значении «если, при условии».

* You won’t pass the exam if you don’t work hard.

* You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.

* You will pass the exam in case you work hard.

* You can go out as long as (provided) you tell us where you’re going.

(3) также возможны различные варианты употребления модальных глаголов и их

эквивалентов как в главных, так и в придаточных предложениях:

* If you need money, I can lend you $100.

* You’ll have to look for a new job if you can’t learn to operate a computer.

* If I could help him, I would, certainly, do it.

* We could (might) swim in the sea and sunbathe if we were on holiday now.

* If he hadn’t been so upset, he might have had more fun with us yesterday.

(4) Выражения I wish + past simple / past perfect - Жаль, что (я \ он) не ….

If only + past simple / past perfect - Если бы только (я \ он)…

используются, чтобы выразить сожаление о невозможных или нереальных

событиях в настоящем - (past simple) или в прошлом - (past perfect).

If only звучит более эмоционально, экспрессивно.

* I wish I was better looking. - Жаль, что я не выгляжу лучше (сейчас).

* I wish she spoke English. - Жаль, что она не говорит по-английски.

* If only I knew more people here! - Если бы я только знал здесь больше людей!

* If only they could come! - Если бы только они могли прийти (сейчас или

в будущем)!

* I wish you hadn’t said that. - Жаль, что ты сказал это (тогда).

* Now she wishes she had gone to university. - Теперь она жалеет, что не пошла

тогда учиться в университет.

* If only he hadn’t lost the money, - Если бы только он не потерял тогда

everything would be all right. деньги, всё было бы сейчас нормально.

(5) В придаточных предложениях времени, описывающих будущие события, после следующих союзов: when, while, as soon as, before, after, till (until) используются те же времена что и в условных предложениях реального действия ( Conditional I ).

Сравните: I’ll go with you if you need my help. ( Present Simple)

I’ll go with you when I finish with my work. ( Present Simple)

or I’ll go with you after I have finished with my work. ( Present Perfect Simple)

Не путайте“if”(если) и “when” (когда).

Exercise 1. Choose the right variant - ( Conditional I ).

1. If I’m / I’ll be late this evening, don’t wait for me.

2. Will you write to me if I give / I’ll give you my address?

3. If there is / will be a fire, the alarm will ring.

4. If I don’t see you tomorrow morning, I phone / I’ll phone you in the evening.

5. I’m / I’ll be surprised if Martin and Julia get / will get married.

6. Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they’ll invite you?

7. Is it OK if I‘ll use / I use your phone?

8. If we’ll go / we go by bus, it is / it will be cheaper.

9. Have something to eat if you are / will be hungry.

10. If the phone will ring / rings, can you answer it, please?

Exercise 2. Put the right verb form into the gaps - ( Conditional II ).

Example: Dan doesn’t have enough money.

If he _had_ the money, he would buy a car.

1. I don’t know the answer. If I __________ the answer, I’d tell you.

2. I have a car. I couldn’t travel very much if I ____________ a car.

3. We don’t want to go out. If I _____________ to go out, I’d go.

4. She hasn’t got a key. If she ______________ a key, she could get into the house.

5. I’m not hungry. I would have something to eat if I ____________ hungry.

6. Bart enjoys his work. He wouldn’t do it if he ____________ it.

7. You can’t drive. If you ____________ drive, I would lend you my car.

8. They speak too fast. I could understand them better if they ____________ more slowly.

9. I have a lot to do today. If I _______________ so much to do, we could go out.

10. It’s raining, so we’re not going out. We’d get wet if we __________ out.

Exercise 3. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb – they are all

unreal past conditions.

Example: If I (know) about it, I (help) you. ->

If I had known about it, I would have helped you.

1. The accident (not happen) if the other driver (not be driving) so fast.

____________________________________________________________

2. The hens (not get) into the house if you (shut) the door.

___________________________________________________________

3. If I (to realize) that it was such a long way, I (to take) a taxi.

____________________________________________________________

4. If you (speak) more slowly, he (might understand) you better.

____________________________________________________________

5. You (not get) into trouble if you (listen) to my instructions.

____________________________________________________________

6. If he (know) that the river was dangerous, he (not try) to swim across it.

____________________________________________________________

7. She (not believe) it if she (not see) it with her own eyes.

____________________________________________________________

8. If I (know) the details of the story, I (not be) so angry.

____________________________________________________________

9. We (catch) the train if we (arrive) five minutes earlier.

____________________________________________________________

10. If they (remember) the address, they (find) the house very quickly.

____________________________________________________________