1. Companies: types of organizational culture. (эту тему подготовить 27.11.12)

Companies operate in a range of industries (electronics, IT, retail etc.). Many companies, regardless of industry, undertake activities across the same areas (research and development, marketing, production, sales, customer services etc.). There are different types of companies (UK) or corporations (US). Sole trader (UK): when someone has their own business with no additional shareholders. It is the easiest way of starting a business and you alone are responsible for all aspects of the business.

Partnership: where more than two people or businesses work together

Limited company (UK): a private company where individual shareholders lose only the value of their shares if the company goes bankrupt. (Their liability is limited; they would not lose any property they owned.) Plc (public limited company - UK): a limited company where the shares are bought and sold freely Inc: The US equivalent of plc. In the US, companies can be incorporated (registered) with the authorities in the state where the HQ is based. To sell shares they need to approach the SEC (Securities Exchange Commission.) Multinational: a company that operates in different countries, usually with a complex structure, e.g. a parent company owns subsidiaries. The parent company may be a holding company with no independent activity.

Corporate structure can change when companies form an alliance.

Merger: two or more companies join together to create a single larger company

Takeover: similar to a merger with one company taking control by buying more than half the shares Joint venture: two or more companies make a joint investment in a project without actually merging

In many companies there are three key groups of people: shareholders, management and the workforce. A traditional hierarchical company is normally given strategic direction by the board of directors. The board is headed by the chairperson (UK)/ president (US) though operation in all directorate are headed by chief executive officer (CEO), sometimes known in the UK as a managing director (MD). A director normally heads each function within the company (HR director, finance director) and managers lead the departments within a function or directorate. In SME (small and medium sized enterprises) and entrepreneurial businesses, the structure may differ.

	Steep hierarchy	Flat hierarchy
Company structure	Many levels of management	Not many levels of management
Power	Unequal distribution of power: senior managers are very powerful	Power-sharing: members of staff are relatively equal
Roles	Each member of staff has a fixed role or function	Roles are often flexible

Unit I (из учебника “Speakout”)

1. to buddy up – поделиться, подружиться

2. steep – крутой, чрезмерный, непомерно высокий

3. to spot - пятнать, пачкать, покрываться пятнами

4. to get on with - ладить

5. presumably [prɪ'zjuːməblɪ]- предположительно, возможно, вероятно, по-видимому

6. choosy – разборчивый

7. a lodger - жилец, квартирант, съёмщик

8. to feel obliged - чувствовать себя обязанным кому-л

9. to see smb round

10. embarrassing –стеснительный, смущающий

11. brain dead – very stupid (in a very rude manner)

12. straightaway[ˌstreɪtə'weɪ] - прямой

13. from the outset – с самого начала

14. anxious['æŋ(k)ʃəs] - озабоченный, беспокоящийся

15. to relieve - ослаблять, уменьшать, облегчать

16. to get annoyed - раздражаться

17. to get frustrated - расстроиться

18. to feel awkward - чувствовать себя неловко/неудобно/не по себе

19. a level test – тест на определение уровня

20. to appreciate - оценивать, (высоко) ценить; быть признательным, благодарным

21. provisionally – временно, предварительно

22. a course fee – плата за обучение

23. to refund the deposit – возмещать депозитный вклад

24. a trainee solicitor стажер-адвокат

25. to be on one’s best behavior - behave well when being observed

26. ridiculously - смешно, смехотворно, нелепо, абсурдно

27. a people person - a person who enjoys or is particularly good at interacting with others

28. to be particular about -обращать особое внимание на

29. to pull one’s weight around the house – сделать свою часть работы

30. down-to-earth – разумный, практичный

31. a decent salary – приличная, достойная заработная плата

32. night gigs – ночные мероприятия, концерты

33. to be a good laugh – уметь от души посмеяться

34. to get into –to enjoy (a topic or activity)

35. handy – доступно, близко

36. off the hook – выпутавшийся из неприятной ситуации

37. to be divorced with

38. to keep myself to myself- to be introverted

39.gigs - выступление, концерт (особенно рок-концерт или концерт джазовой музыки) ; мероприятие

39. to be a good laugh – someone who is fun to be with

40. a computer geek - придурок, со странностями. Часто так называют людей зациклившихся на каком-то профессиональном предмете, например "a computer geek". Cейчас его значение как бы и не ругательное, но раньше это слово имело оттенок сугубо негативный, будучи синонимом таких замечательных терминов как creep и weirdo (странная, отталкивающая, мерзкая личность)

41. tight-fisted - скаредный, скупой

42. I’m sort of new to the game – Я , типа, новичок

43. other than that- за исключением этого

44. to tread on one’s toes- наступать на пальцах

45. mundane – 1. земной, мирской, светский; 2. обычный, приземлённый; 3.космический

46. to totter - идти неверной, дрожащей походкой, ковылять

47. loathing – отвращение

48. a bonnet – капот

49. to tap into – вторгаться

50. recurring - периодический, повторяющийся, частый, рекуррентный

51. frustrated - расстроенный, недовольны, отчаявшийся , удручённый

52. awkward - неудобный; затруднительный, неловкий

53. embarrassed - смущённый; сконфуженный

54. similar- подобный, похожий

55. disappointed - разочарованный

56. generous -щедрый

57. exhausted - истощённый, изнурённый; измученный; обессиленный

58. anxious['æŋ(k)ʃəs] - озабоченный, беспокоящийся

59. to hesitate - колебаться; сомневаться

UNUT I (из учебника “Intelligent Business”)

1. joint-stock

2. subsidiaries

3. assets/ tangible assets

4. merger

5. acquisition

6. dotcoms

7. SME-small or medium enterprise

8. trendy

9. buying power

10. to occur

11. durable

12. to customize/ customising

13. to standardize

14. school of thoughts- направление/мысли/

15. takeover

16. to flatten/flattened hierarchy

17. bidder

18. venture capital

19. shareholders

20. lifetime employment

21. to lease

22. legal affairs

23. steep hierarchy/flat hierarchy

24. virtue

25. to be on hand

2. Leadership. Management styles. Styles of corporate leadership.

Four styles of corporate leadership. (эту тему подготовить 11.11.12)

What does it take to be a good chairman? CCG, the London-based headhunters, has attempted to find out. It interviewed 48 chairs – 28 of whom were from the 100 biggest UK companies listed on the London Stock Exchange – 12 chief executives. It then sent questionnaires to more than 400 main board members of 151 large Stock Exchange-listed UK companies and analyzed replies from 117 individuals, including 36 of those interviewed.

Four distinct, preferred styles of corporate leadership emerged:

Facilitators are hands-off, working with and through a chief executive. They have warm and open personal relationships with all board members. Their style is trusting, supportive, sensitive, aware and purposeful. There is a balance between deliberately standing back to see the wider perspective and involvement with people, issues and vision. This style was the most popular, favoured by 32 per cent of respondents.

Thinkers work through a chief executive but have no doubt about their own power and are likely to get their own way on the big issues. They can be a formidable combination with a chief executive, provided both agree on fundamentals. Although they are trusted, relationships will be more distant and based on respect, with a recognition of private agendas. Penetrating understanding of the issued and the people is likely to be accompanied by strongly held (but not always disclosed) views. Favoured by 25 per cent.

Drivers are likely to dominate by force of personality. There is variety in the importance, closeness and style of their relationships, which are not always consistent but are not difficult to read. There is less emphasis on sophisticated analysis, or on the communication of a vision, and more on strategy, action and results. They require total loyalty and commitment, both to themselves and the company. They are unquestionably the boss; anyone carrying the title of chief executive will be at best a number two or a chief operating officer. Favoured by 23 per cent of respondents, though not much liked by chief executives.

Integrators are talented at winning both hearts and minds, and intellectually brilliant, with a flair for communication and relationships. Their style is open, trusting, empathic and empowering. They have strong strategic and analytical skills and are able to see the big picture. They are immersed in the business. They are more interested in strategy than operations and would work best sharing leadership with a chief executive who complements their qualities. Preferred by 20 per cent of respondents, but most popular among non-executive directors.