- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •I. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the grammatical and lexical levels of language.
- •II. Disambiguate the meaning of the sentences by reading them in two different ways and comment on the interaction between the prosodic and syntactic levels of the language.
- •III. Analyze the sentences and point out the peculiarities of the grammatical structure of English manifested in them.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •I. Do the morphemic analysis of the following words on the lines of the traditional and distributional classifications:
- •II. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the following words are grouped:
- •III. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the lexical and grammatical meanings.
- •V. Point out cases of neutralization and transposition:
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian and point out the cases of cross-linguistic asymmetry in the parts of speech.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •II. Analyze the use of number in nouns in the following sentences and decide whether count/mass division is a distinction between words or ways of using words:
- •III. Define the syntagmatic meanings of the possessive case in the sentences:
- •IV. Comment on the oppositional reduction of the categorial nounal forms: a) the category of number
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •I. State the function of the underlined verbs:
- •II. Comment on the use of tense forms, point out cases of neutralization and transposition.
- •III. Analyze the meanings of aspect and time correlation forms, point out cases of neutralization and transposition.
- •IV. State the form of the mood and its meaning in the following sentences:
- •V. Analyze the sentences and differentiate between the grammatical homonyms - the forms of the Passive voice and the compound nominal predicate.
- •VI. Analyze the sentences and point out the factors that necessitated the use of the passive voice.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •Define the properties of word-groupings on the lines of different classifications.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •The sentence as the main unit of syntax.
- •Constructive analysis of the sentence.
- •Structural analysis of the sentence.
- •I. State the structural type of the sentences.
- •II. Which of the following composite sentences are compound and which are complex? Why? How many clauses does each sentence consist of? What kind of syntactic relation is there between the clauses?
- •III. Define the relations between the clauses of the compound sentences:
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •Constituent analysis of the sentence.
- •Actual division and communicative sentence types.
- •Semantic analysis of the sentence.
- •The pragmatic aspect of the he sentence.
- •I. Define the type of the constituents of the following sentences.
- •II. Dwell upon the actual division of the sentences and the language means used to mark it.
- •III. Identify the semantic roles of the arguments in the sentences below.
- •IV. Define the communicative sentence type and the speech-act features of these sentences.
Constructive analysis of the sentence.
Paradigmatic approach in syntax. The initial basic element of syntactic derivation: “the base sentence” or “the kernel sentence”.
Derivational procedures (transformations ). Internal and external syntactic processes.
Structural analysis of the sentence.
Simple sentence as a monopredicative construction.
The notion of the “elementary” sentence. Expanded and unexpanded simple sentences. The problem of sentence completeness: complete and incomplete (elliptical) sentences. The two axes of the sentence; one-axis and two-axis sentences, their correlation with complete and elliptical sentences.
Сomposite sentence as a polypredicative construction.
A clause in a composite sentence; its correlation with a separate sentence. Subordinative polypredication (hypotaxis) and coordinative polypredication (parataxis); complex and compound sentences as the two basic types of composite sentences. Syndeton and asyndeton.
The complex sentence as a polypredicative construction built on the principle of subordination (hypotaxis). Paradigmatic presentation of the complex sentence: the principal clause and the subordinate clause. The classification of complex sentences on the basis of subordinate clause types.
The compound sentence as a polypredicative construction built on the principle of coordination (parataxis). Paradigmatic presentation of the compound sentence; the leading clause and the sequential clause. Syndetic and asyndetic connections in compound sentences.
Key terms:
predicative lingual unit, predication , double nominative-predicative nature, the category of modality, intonational arrangement, sentence models (generalized sentence patterns), utterance, proposition, nominative parts (members) of the sentence, predicative line, monopredicative, or simple sentences and polypredicative, or composite and semi-composite sentences, elementary simple sentence, expanded and unexpanded sentences, complete (two-member, two-axis) and incomplete (one-member, one-axis) sentences, elliptical sentence, sentence patterns (models), syntactic derivation, kernel sentence (basic syntactic pattern, elementary sentence model, base sentence), derivational procedures (syntactic transformations), polypredication, composite sentence, coordination (parataxis), subordination (hypotaxis), complex sentence, coordinative (equipotent) polypredication, compound sentence, principal clause, subordinate clause, syndetic and asyndetic connections, adversative relations, disjunctive relations, causal-consequential relations, positive and negative copulative relations of events, pure copulative relations, enumerative relations
Practical assignments:
I. State the structural type of the sentences.
MODEL: "Who is poor in love? No one."
The first sentence is a complete two-member (two-axis) sentence, the second sentence is elliptical (one-axis).
If you wish to destroy yourself, pray do so. Don't expect me to sit by and watch you doing so.
"Don't they look nice?" she said. "One from last year and one from this, they just do. Save you buying a pair."
She intended to come on Sunday. But never did.
"They came as valentines," she replied, still not subjugated, even if beaten. "When, today?" "The pearl ear-rings today - the amethyst brooch last year."
Waves. Small sounds as of soft complaint. Cedars. Deep-blue sky. He was suddenly aware of a faint but all-penetrating sense of loss.
Scene I. A room in Harley Street furnished as the Superintendent's office in a Nursing Home.
"How on earth did she do a thing like that?" "Does it for fun. Always doing it."
"Don't get rattles, Peter."
"Who sat for you?" "Well, no one."
"I couldn't start by telling him what he could and couldn't do." "Why not?"
"Tell me about your plans, Michael."
"Do you live in Paris?" "For the moment."
"What is the name of your book?" "'Yes'." "An excellent title."
"Your damned money was my armor. My Swift and my Armor." "Don't."
"Let's not quarrel any more. No matter how nervous we get."