- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •I. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the grammatical and lexical levels of language.
- •II. Disambiguate the meaning of the sentences by reading them in two different ways and comment on the interaction between the prosodic and syntactic levels of the language.
- •III. Analyze the sentences and point out the peculiarities of the grammatical structure of English manifested in them.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •I. Do the morphemic analysis of the following words on the lines of the traditional and distributional classifications:
- •II. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the following words are grouped:
- •III. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the lexical and grammatical meanings.
- •V. Point out cases of neutralization and transposition:
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian and point out the cases of cross-linguistic asymmetry in the parts of speech.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •II. Analyze the use of number in nouns in the following sentences and decide whether count/mass division is a distinction between words or ways of using words:
- •III. Define the syntagmatic meanings of the possessive case in the sentences:
- •IV. Comment on the oppositional reduction of the categorial nounal forms: a) the category of number
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •I. State the function of the underlined verbs:
- •II. Comment on the use of tense forms, point out cases of neutralization and transposition.
- •III. Analyze the meanings of aspect and time correlation forms, point out cases of neutralization and transposition.
- •IV. State the form of the mood and its meaning in the following sentences:
- •V. Analyze the sentences and differentiate between the grammatical homonyms - the forms of the Passive voice and the compound nominal predicate.
- •VI. Analyze the sentences and point out the factors that necessitated the use of the passive voice.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •Define the properties of word-groupings on the lines of different classifications.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •The sentence as the main unit of syntax.
- •Constructive analysis of the sentence.
- •Structural analysis of the sentence.
- •I. State the structural type of the sentences.
- •II. Which of the following composite sentences are compound and which are complex? Why? How many clauses does each sentence consist of? What kind of syntactic relation is there between the clauses?
- •III. Define the relations between the clauses of the compound sentences:
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •Constituent analysis of the sentence.
- •Actual division and communicative sentence types.
- •Semantic analysis of the sentence.
- •The pragmatic aspect of the he sentence.
- •I. Define the type of the constituents of the following sentences.
- •II. Dwell upon the actual division of the sentences and the language means used to mark it.
- •III. Identify the semantic roles of the arguments in the sentences below.
- •IV. Define the communicative sentence type and the speech-act features of these sentences.
Actual division and communicative sentence types.
The notion of actual division of the sentence (informative perspective of the sentence). The components of actual division: the theme, the rheme. The connection of the actual division of the sentence with the logical analysis of the proposition (logical subject and logical predicate); their correlation with the subject and the predicate in the syntactic structure of a sentence. Direct (unspeclalized, unmarked) and inverted (reverse, specialized, marked) actual division. Actual division of the sentence and context. Lingual means of expressing actual division of the sentence: word order patterns, constructions with introducers, syntactic patterns of contrastive complexes, constructions with articles and other determiners, constructions with intensifying particles, intonation contours.
The notion of the communicative type of the sentence. The basic communicative types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Response as the indicator of the communicative purpose of the sentence.The problem of the exclamatory sentence type. Intermediary (mixed) communicative types of sentences: interrogative-declarative, imperative-declarative, declarative-interrogative, imperative-interrogative, declarative-imperative, and interrogative-imperative.
Semantic analysis of the sentence.
Functional classification of scntcnce constituents. The notion of situational semantics of the sentence, “the deep case” (“semantic role”): Agent, Nominative, Experiencer, Natural Force, Patient, Beneficiary, Object, Dative, Factitive, Cause, Participant, Instrument, Means, Place, Time.
The pragmatic aspect of the he sentence.
Performative Utterances. Locutionary, Illocutionary, and Perlocutionary Acts. Classifying Illocutionary Acts. Classification of speech acts. Communicative Speech Acts and Intentions. Indirect speech acts. Conversational Implicature
Key terms: predicative line, monopredicative, or simple sentences and polypredicative, or composite and semi-composite sentences, grammatical (syntactic, nominative) division of the sentence, nominative (positional) parts, principal notional parts (subject, predicate), secondary notional parts (object, attribute, adverbial modifier), detached notional parts (apposition, address, parenthesis, interjection), informative value, informative perspective, actual division (functional analysis, communicative analysis), theme (“basis”, starting point of communication), rheme (“nucleus”, communicative centre, “peak” of communication), transition (subrheme, secondary rheme), logical analysis of proposition (logical subject, logical predicate), direct (unspecialized, unmarked) actual division, inverted (reverse, specialized, marked) actual division, inverted word order, rhematic (logical) accent, elliptical sentence, purpose of communication, declarative, interrogative and imperative communicative types (expressing statements, questions and inducements), type of response, non-communicative utterances, exclamation, exclamatory sentence, open (zero) rheme, pronominal (special) questions, non-pronominal questions, alternative rheme, explicit alternative (alternative proper) and implicit alternative (general) questions, basic (cardinal) and intermediary (mixed) communicative types, “theory of speech acts”, pragmatic utterance types (performatives, constatives, promissives, etc.), indirect speech acts
Practical assignments: