- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •I. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the grammatical and lexical levels of language.
- •II. Disambiguate the meaning of the sentences by reading them in two different ways and comment on the interaction between the prosodic and syntactic levels of the language.
- •III. Analyze the sentences and point out the peculiarities of the grammatical structure of English manifested in them.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •I. Do the morphemic analysis of the following words on the lines of the traditional and distributional classifications:
- •II. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the following words are grouped:
- •III. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the lexical and grammatical meanings.
- •V. Point out cases of neutralization and transposition:
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian and point out the cases of cross-linguistic asymmetry in the parts of speech.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •II. Analyze the use of number in nouns in the following sentences and decide whether count/mass division is a distinction between words or ways of using words:
- •III. Define the syntagmatic meanings of the possessive case in the sentences:
- •IV. Comment on the oppositional reduction of the categorial nounal forms: a) the category of number
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •I. State the function of the underlined verbs:
- •II. Comment on the use of tense forms, point out cases of neutralization and transposition.
- •III. Analyze the meanings of aspect and time correlation forms, point out cases of neutralization and transposition.
- •IV. State the form of the mood and its meaning in the following sentences:
- •V. Analyze the sentences and differentiate between the grammatical homonyms - the forms of the Passive voice and the compound nominal predicate.
- •VI. Analyze the sentences and point out the factors that necessitated the use of the passive voice.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •Define the properties of word-groupings on the lines of different classifications.
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •The sentence as the main unit of syntax.
- •Constructive analysis of the sentence.
- •Structural analysis of the sentence.
- •I. State the structural type of the sentences.
- •II. Which of the following composite sentences are compound and which are complex? Why? How many clauses does each sentence consist of? What kind of syntactic relation is there between the clauses?
- •III. Define the relations between the clauses of the compound sentences:
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
- •Constituent analysis of the sentence.
- •Actual division and communicative sentence types.
- •Semantic analysis of the sentence.
- •The pragmatic aspect of the he sentence.
- •I. Define the type of the constituents of the following sentences.
- •II. Dwell upon the actual division of the sentences and the language means used to mark it.
- •III. Identify the semantic roles of the arguments in the sentences below.
- •IV. Define the communicative sentence type and the speech-act features of these sentences.
Seminars in theoretical grammar
SEMESTER VIII
Seminar I
Grammar: general notions
The systemic conception of language. The approaches towards language treatment. Hierarchic structure of language. Segmental and suprasegmental units (levels). Language and speech.
Grammar as a branch of linguistics. Types of grammatical descriptions (historical review).
Early prescriptive grammar.
Classical scientific grammar.
Structural and transformational grammars.
The development of modern linguistics in Ukraine.
The position of grammar in the structure of language. Grammar in its relations to other levels of Linguistic Structure.
Grammar and lexis.
Grammar and phonetics.
The plane of content and the plane of expression. Polysemy, homonymy, synonymy in grammar.
List of terms:
Language, speech, sign, lingual unit, system, subsystem, systemic approach, (supra) segmental lingual units, hierarchy, hierarchical (hierarchic) relations, phoneme, morpheme, word, word-combination, sentence, supra-sentential construction (supra-phrasal unity), nomination, predication, plane of content, plane of expression, synonymous relations (synonymy), homonymous relations (homonymy), paradigm, paradigmatic relations, syntagma, syntagmatic relations, synchronic relations, diachronic relations
Practical assignments:
I. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the grammatical and lexical levels of language.
1. He stopped reading and put the book aside. He saw an advertisement and stopped to read it.
2. He went on speaking as if nothing had happened. After a short introduction he went on to speak about the situation on the stock exchange.
3. He can't join us right now as he is talking over the phone. He is constantly talking over the phone.
II. Disambiguate the meaning of the sentences by reading them in two different ways and comment on the interaction between the prosodic and syntactic levels of the language.
1. I have instructions to leave.
2. She spoke with a pretty French accent
3. He gave her dog biscuits.
III. Analyze the sentences and point out the peculiarities of the grammatical structure of English manifested in them.
1. Do you serve crabs here? - We serve anyone, sit down
2. Call me a taxi, please. - OK, you are a taxi.
3. He kept his dog in his bedroom. He kept looking at us. The girl kept quiet.
4. We try harder. We dry harder.
5. He married a poor girl. He married a poor man.
6. He gave her dog biscuits.
7. Age is strictly a matter of mind over matter, if you don't mind it doesn't matter.
Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII
Seminar II
The basic notions of morphology
The word as a basic nominative unit.
The morphemic structure of the word. The notions of morph, morpheme, allomorph. Traditional types of morphemes.
The terms "suffix" and "inflection" ("ending"). Types of word-derivation.
Distributional analysis in studying morphemes. Types of distribution. Distributional morpheme types.
Grammatical categories, grammatical meanings and grammatical forms. Ways of conveying grammatical meanings.
The notion of parts of speech. The criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech.
The problem of notional and formal parts of speech.
The field theory and the prototype theory in parts-of-speech classification.
Different classifications of parts of speech in English. Ch. Fries' classification (syntactic-distributional classification).
List of terms:
significative (meaning), root, affix, lexical (derivational, word-building) affix, grammatical (functional, word-changing) affix, stem, outer inflexion, inner inflexion, suppletivity, the IC analysis, morph, allomorph, distribution (complementive, contrastive, non-contrastive), distributional analysis, full and empty morphemes, free and bound morphemes, segmental and supга-segmental morphemes, additive and replacive morphemes
category, grammatical category, individual grammatical form (meaning), categorial grammatical meaning, paradigmatic opposition, common features, differential features, binary opposition, privative (equipollent, gradual) oppositions, formal mark (marker), strong member of the opposition, weak member of the opposition, reduction of the opposition (transposition, neutralization), synthetical forms, outer inflection, inner inflection, suppletive forms (suppletivity), analytical forms,
part of speech, categorial meaning, formal features, functional features, homogeneous (monodifferential) classification, heterogeneous (polydifferential) classification, syntactic-distributional classification, notional parts of speech, functional parts of speech, openness/closeness of classes, field theory
Practical Assignments: