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Seminars in theoretical grammar

SEMESTER VIII

Seminar I

Grammar: general notions

  1. The systemic conception of language. The approaches towards language treatment. Hierarchic structure of language. Segmental and suprasegmental units (levels). Language and speech.

  2. Grammar as a branch of linguistics. Types of grammatical descriptions (historical review).

  • Early prescriptive grammar.

  • Classical scientific grammar.

  • Structural and transformational grammars.

  • The development of modern linguistics in Ukraine.

  1. The position of grammar in the structure of language. Grammar in its relations to other levels of Linguistic Structure.

  • Grammar and lexis.

  • Grammar and phonetics.

  1. The plane of content and the plane of expression. Polysemy, homonymy, synonymy in grammar.

List of terms:

Language, speech, sign, lingual unit, system, subsystem, systemic approach, (supra) segmental lingual units, hierarchy, hierarchical (hierarchic) relations, phoneme, morpheme, word, word-combination, sentence, supra-sentential construction (supra-phrasal unity), nomination, predication, plane of content, plane of expression, synonymous relations (synonymy), homonymous relations (homonymy), paradigm, paradigmatic relations, syntagma, syntagmatic relations, synchronic relations, diachronic relations

Practical assignments:

I. Analyze the sentences and comment on the interaction between the grammatical and lexical levels of language.

1. He stopped reading and put the book aside. He saw an advertisement and stopped to read it.

2. He went on speaking as if nothing had happened. After a short introduction he went on to speak about the situation on the stock exchange.

3. He can't join us right now as he is talking over the phone. He is constantly talking over the phone.

II. Disambiguate the meaning of the sentences by reading them in two different ways and comment on the interaction between the prosodic and syntactic levels of the language.

1. I have instructions to leave.

2. She spoke with a pretty French accent

3. He gave her dog biscuits.

III. Analyze the sentences and point out the peculiarities of the grammatical structure of English manifested in them.

1. Do you serve crabs here? - We serve anyone, sit down

2. Call me a taxi, please. - OK, you are a taxi.

3. He kept his dog in his bedroom. He kept looking at us. The girl kept quiet.

4. We try harder. We dry harder.

5. He married a poor girl. He married a poor man.

6. He gave her dog biscuits.

7. Age is strictly a matter of mind over matter, if you don't mind it doesn't matter.

Seminars in theoretical grammar semester VIII

Seminar II

The basic notions of morphology

  1. The word as a basic nominative unit.

  2. The morphemic structure of the word. The notions of morph, morpheme, allomorph. Traditional types of morphemes.

  3. The terms "suffix" and "inflection" ("ending"). Types of word-derivation.

  4. Distributional analysis in studying morphemes. Types of distribution. Distributional morpheme types.

  5. Grammatical categories, grammatical meanings and grammatical forms. Ways of conveying grammatical meanings.

  6. The notion of parts of speech. The criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech.

  7. The problem of notional and formal parts of speech.

  8. The field theory and the prototype theory in parts-of-speech classification.

  9. Different classifications of parts of speech in English. Ch. Fries' classification (syntactic-distributional classification).

List of terms:

  • significative (meaning), root, affix, lexical (derivational, word-building) affix, grammatical (functional, word-changing) affix, stem, outer inflexion, inner inflexion, suppletivity, the IC analysis, morph, allomorph, distribution (complementive, contrastive, non-contrastive), distributional analysis, full and empty morphemes, free and bound morphemes, segmental and supга-segmental morphemes, additive and replacive morphemes

  • category, grammatical category, individual grammatical form (meaning), categorial grammatical meaning, paradigmatic opposition, common features, differential features, binary opposition, privative (equipollent, gradual) oppositions, formal mark (marker), strong member of the opposition, weak member of the opposition, reduction of the opposition (transposition, neutralization), synthetical forms, outer inflection, inner inflection, suppletive forms (suppletivity), analytical forms,

  • part of speech, categorial meaning, formal features, functional features, homogeneous (monodifferential) classification, heterogeneous (polydifferential) classification, syntactic-distributional classification, notional parts of speech, functional parts of speech, openness/closeness of classes, field theory

Practical Assignments:

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