Часть 2. Personal/ impersonal constructions

1. Прочитайте основные правила перевода неопределенно-личных оборотов русского языка.

Неопределенно-личные обороты русского языка типа говорят, полагают, считают, сообщают, ожидают и т.п. могут переводиться на английский язык как неопределенно-личным оборотом, состоящим из местоимения it c глаголом в пассивном залоге, так и личной конструкцией. Так, предложение: Сообщают, что конференция состоится в Минске, может быть переведено двумя способами:

(1). It is reported that the conference will be held in Minsk.

(2). The conference is reported to be held in Minsk.

В данных конструкциях употребляются следующие глаголы: think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, etc.

Проанализируйте и переведите следующие примеры:

Active: People think he has inherited a fortune.

Passive: a) It is thought (that) he has inherited a fortune.

b) He is thought to have inherited a fortune. (refers to the past)

Active : They expect her to win first prize.

Passive: a) It is expected (that) she will win first prize.

b) She is expected to win first prize .(refers to the present or future)

2. Выполните следующие задания: Задание 1. Завершите предложения по образцу.

1. It is thought that this faculty has a good staff. → The faculty is thought to have a good staff.

2. It is expected that the access to the Internet is provided for all students.

The access…..

3. It is known that education should prepare children for life.

Education ….

4. It is believed that education at a university level provides the students with a body of positive knowledge.

Education …

The students …..

5. It is expected that students will have examinations at the end of the term.

Students …..

6. It is thought that memorizing of subject-matter is only a part of the process of learning. Memorizing …

7. It is said that the face is an index of the mind.

The face …

8. It was reported that Belarusian universities had become internationally oriented. Belarusian universities …

9. It is known that the pre-war education and material base of the University had been completely destroyed.

The pre-war education and material base …

10. It is expected that students will be carrying out research work during the period of study. The students…..

11. It is thought that the hospital is short of money.

The hospital

12. It was alleged that the student had cheated.

The athlete ……

13. It is reported that the prime minister is resigning.

The prime minister …..

14. It is expected that the new sports stadium will be finished soon.

The new sports stadium ….

15. It is generally considered that sixteen is too young to get married.

Sixteen….

16. It was thought that the book had been destroyed.

The book …..

Задание 2. Исправьте ошибки.

1. He is said he has been promoted.

2. The students were told not use their notes at the exam.

3. It was reported that the sides to have reached the decision on students’ exchange program.

4. It should been recognized that all jobs are necessary for the society.

5. The bill ‘On Higher Education’ has been withdrawn with the President.

6. Students are expected to have digest knowledge from a wide variety of sources.

7. The word ‘stupid’ was in my report bur it wasn’t referred to you.

8. When did you discover that the money had been disappeared?

Задание 3. Перепишите данные тексты, используя формы пассивного залога.

A. Charles Babbage, an English professor of mathematics, built the first computer in 1827. They called it a “Difference Engine”. Babbage also devised the basic principles of the modern computer. He spent much of his own money on his inventions. In 1834 Babbage designed a more complex “Analytical Machine” – the world’s first digital computer with a memory and programming, but couldn’t get the finance to build it. People forgot about Babbage’s machine till 1937 when they rediscovered his papers.

B. The school provides the Internet for students to conduct research and communicate with others in relation to schoolwork. They give the access to network service to those students who agree to act in a responsible manner. The staff thinks that access is a privilege, not a right. They expect that the user will abide the certain rules of behavior.

REVISION TEST ON TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

A .Choose the correct item.

1. A new University building _____ in Kalvarijskaja street.

a) was constructed b) has being constructed

c) constructed d) has constructed

2. The faculty of philosophy and social sciences _______ in September, 1989.

a) is founded b) was founded c) founded d) has been founded

3. Highly qualified scientific and teaching staff _____ through the Postgraduate courses.

a) having been trained b) have trained

c) to be trained d) is trained

4. Many students find it hard to do all the study that has to _____ .

a) been done b) be done

c) do d) is done

5. None of the goals in education _____ quickly or easily.

a) to be achieved b) have achieved

c) has been achieved d) will be achieved

6. A system of centralized testing _____ in order to ensure national uniformity and national levels of achievement.

a) had been introduce b) has being introduced

c) was introduced d) introduced

7. Much _____ about standard assessment tests which have been recently introduced.

a) were written b) has been written c) had been written d) to be written

8. Teachers’ expectations of their students _____ on assumptions about individual abilities and conduct.

a) often are based b) are often based c) is often being based d) had often based

9. The pre-war education and material base of the University_____ by the end of the 1950.

a) had been restored b) has been restored

c) was restored d) is restored

10. Much discussion _____ about quality of education and its influence on life quality.

a) is held b) is being held c) is being hold d) was held

11. In 2003, new state standards _____ into the Belarusian educational system.

a) were being implemented b) were implemented

c) had been implemented d) implemented

12. The BSU is considered_____ the largest higher educational establishment in the Republic of Belarus.

a) to have been b) was

c) to be d) being

13. Students’ research work _____ much attention to.

a) is always given b) has always given

c) was always given d) has always been given

14. Numerous University laboratories_____ with up-to-date devices.

a) has been equipped b) to be equipped

c) equipped d) are equipped

15. The International Forum ‘Education for Sustainable Development’ _____ to be held in April..

a) is reported b) reported

c) has reported d) will reported

16. An exhibition entitled ‘Oxford University Press – A Journey of Five Centuries’ _____ by Oxford University publications.

a) had been organized b) be organized

c) has been organized d) organized

17. Along with rare books, the latest scientific editions _____ at the exhibition.

a) are being shown b) had been shown

c) was being shown d) has been shown

18. The chairman emphasized that OUP _____ to be the greatest and oldest University publishing house in the world.

a) considered b) has considered

c) are considered d) is considered

19. He told me that he _____ a well-paid job at a publishing house.

a) has been offered b) was offered

c) had been offered d) will be offered

20. Next year he _____ a grant to study abroad for one year.

a) will have been given b) has been given

c) would be given d) will be given

21 Have you ever _____ for your opinion?

a) been ask b) been asked

c) being asked d) l be asked

22 Identity badges must _____ by all visitors.

a) have been worn b) has been worn

c) be worn d) being worn

23 Is this computer _____ (by anyone)?

a) being used b) has been used

c) would be used d) be using

24 I have collected all the documents that are needed for summer school in Sweden. Can you take them to the dean’s office _____ ?

a) to sign b) to have been signed

c) would be signed d) to be signed

25 If you hadn’t been absent from the lectures so often, you wouldn’t _____ from the university

a) have been expelled b) be expelled

c) would be expelled d) expelled

26 We had hoped to see several famous paintings, but the gallery _____ at the time of our visit and most of the really valuable books had been moved for safe keeping

a) was reorganizing b) has been reorganized

c) would be reorganized d) was being reorganized

27 Our knowledge of foreign language needs _____ constantly updated.

a) to being b) to have been

c) to be d) being

28 The matter _____ when the incident occurred.

a) is being considered b) was being considered

c) have been considered d) was considered

29 A new course on the modern art _____ for the next semester. You may enroll for the course at the Dean’s office.

a) is planning b) has been planned

c) will be planned d) is being planned

30 Your visa application _____ by the end of the week.

a) is processed b) has been processed

c) will be processed d) was being processed

B. Put the verbs in brackets into the most suitable tense active or passive.

BSU moving forward with innovative ideas

The Belarusian State University 1)________________ (demonstrate) about 60 scientific developments at the 5^th Moscow International Exhibition of Innovations and Investments which 2) ___________ (hold) in February. It is the third time that the BSU 3)___________ (present) its innovations at Moscow International Exhibition – the largest in Russia. 14 hi-tech BSU inventions 4) ___________ (nominate) for an innovation development contest.

Last year participation in the exhibition 5)_____________ (result) in great interest in the BSU achievements. The University 6) _____________ (award) 8 medals and the value of innovations 7) ____________ (appreciate) not only by the international adjudicators but also by scientific and business circles in Russia, China , South Korea and other countries.

This year the exhibition 8) ______________ (attend) by the World Intellectual Property organization and delegations from many countries.