- •Н.І. Романишин контрастивна стилістика англійської та української мов конспект лекцій
- •Content
- •Lecture No 1. General notes on style and stylistics
- •Stylistics as a brunch of linguistics, its object, subject matter and main tasks of investigations
- •The main categories of stylistics
- •The notion of norm
- •The notion of image
- •На марах сонце понесли
- •The grasshopper and the cricket
- •The notion of stylistic function
- •Я смакую її хиби, дефекти тіла, маленьку душу, безсилий розум (м. Коцюбинський).
- •The notion of connotation and denotation
- •3. Expressive means and stylistic devices
- •4. Methods of stylistic analysis
- •Conclusions
- •1. General notes
- •Дылда – большой, грубый, медлительный
- •2. Phonetic means of stylistics
- •"Silver bells... How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle" and further
- •Alliteration
- •Assonance Assonance is a stylistically motivated repetition of stressed vowels. The repeated sounds stand close together to create a euphonious effect and rhyme.
- •3. Rhyme
- •The sunlight on the garden
- •4. Rhythm
- •While boyish blood is mantling, who can ‘scape
- •5. Graphical expressive means and stylistic devices
- •1. Stylistic resources of English and Ukrainian Word-building
- •Conclusion
- •2. Morphological Expressive means and stylistic devices
- •3. The Noun
- •3.1. Transposition of lexico-grammatical classes of nouns as stylistic device
- •3.2. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of the category of number
- •3.3. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of the category of case
- •3.4. Stylistic potential of the category of gender.
- •4. The Article. Stylistic functions of English articles
- •5. The Adjective. Degrees of comparison of adjectives as stylistic device
- •6. The pronoun. Stylistic functions of pronoun
- •7. The Verb.
- •7.1. Stylistic resources of tense and aspect in English and Ukrainian
- •7.2. Stylistic potential of the category of mood
- •Conclusion
- •1. Word and its meaning from stylistic point of view
- •Music to hear, why hear’st thou music sadly?
- •2. Stylistic classification of English and Ukrainian vocabulary
- •3. Special literary vocabulary
- •3.1. Terms
- •3.2. Poetic words
- •Прекрасний Києве на предковічних горах!
- •3.3. Archaic, obsolete and historic words
- •3.4. Barbarisms and foreignisms
- •Все упованіє моє
- •О, як було нам весело, як весело!
- •3.5. Neologisms
- •4. Special colloquial vocabulary
- •4.1. Slang, jargonisms, vernacular and vulgarisms
- •All those medical bastards should go through the ops they put other people through. Then they wouldn’t talk so much bloody nonsense or be so damnably smug (d. Cusack).
- •4.2. Professionalisms and dialect words
- •5. Stylistically coloured words and context
- •Conclusion
- •Lexico-semantic expressive means and stylistic devices.
- •1.2. Figures of substitution
- •1.2.1. Figures of quality
- •1.2.2. Figures of quantity
- •2. Lexico-syntactic expressive means and stylistic devices. Figures of combination
- •2.1. Figures of identity
- •2.2. Figures of contrast
- •2.3. Figures of inequality
- •Conclusion
- •1. General considerations
- •2. Syntactic expressive means and stylistic devices
- •2.1. Syntactic stylistic devices based on the reduction of sentence model
- •2.2. Syntactic stylistic devices based on the extension of sentence model
- •2.3. Syntactic stylistic devices based on the change of word order
- •Inversion
- •2.4. Syntactic stylistic devices based on special types of formal and semantic correlation of syntactic constructions within a text
- •2.5. Syntactic stylistic devices based on the transposition of sentence meaning
- •Conclusion
- •List of recomended literature
- •Контрастивна стилістика англійської та української мов конспект лекцій
While boyish blood is mantling, who can ‘scape
The fascination of the magic gaze? (G. Bayron)
Verse remains classical when it retains its metrical scheme. There are, however, types of verse which are not classical.
Free verse – a combination of various metrical feet in a line. It is characterized by the absence of equiliniarity, stanzas are of varying length, rhyme however is generally retained.
Accented verse – a verse where only a number of stresses is taken into consideration. The number of syllables is not constituent; the lines have neither pattern of metrical feet, nor fixed length. There is no notion of stanza and there is no thyme.
5. Graphical expressive means and stylistic devices
Speaking about the inseparable unity of form and meaning of literary work it is worth mentioning that its aesthetic impact depends on phonetic and graphical arrangement of text elements and text as a whole. To create additional information in a literary discourse sound instrumentation is often used alongside the specific graphical representation. One of the most favoured graphical stylistic device in contemporary advertising, mass media, and, above all, creative prose is graphon. Graphon is intentional violation of graphical shape of a word or word combination.
The main function of graphon is to supply information about the speaker’s origin, social and educational background, physical or emotional condition, author’s sarcastic attitude to his character, etc.
butler Yellowplush – (impresses his listeners with the learned words pronouncing them as “sellybrated” instead of celebrated; ”benyviolent” (benevolent); illygitmit” (illegitimate ) (Thackeray)
Гарсета для хвігури не подойдьоть?(О. Вишня)
The b-b-b-b-bastud – he seen me c-c-c-coming(R.P. Warren)
Шшшшшшикарний ссссссобока в Акуліни Кузьмінішшшшни (О. Вишня)
Остапе, бізи сюди, сось ізказу(О. Вишня)
Graphon, thus, individualizing the character’s speech, adds to his plausibility, vividness, memorability. It is a very good device for conveying the atmosphere of authentic live communication, of the informality of the speech act.
This flavour of informality and authenticity brought grahon popularity with advertisers:
Sooper Class Model – ad of car
Wok-in Fast Food Restaurant
Graphical changes may reflect not only peculiarities of pronunciation but are also used to convey the intensity of stress, emphasizing and foregrounding the key words:
(1)Best jeans for this Jeaneration
(2)Наша вата – нова М’Якість
The graphical means of text imagery also include:
all changes of the type (italics, capitalization),
spacing or graphemes (hyphenation, multiplication) ,
graphical representation of a line, etc.
Help! Help!HELP!
Adieu you, old man, grey. I pity you, and I de-spise you (Ch. Dickens).
Graphical imagery is one of the most resourceful means to intensify the idea of a text both prose and poetic:
(1)Piglet, sitting in the running Kanga’s pocket, substituting the kidnapped Roo, thinks:
this shall take
If is I never to
flying really it (A. Milne)
(2)... п’яне піано на піаніні трав
вітер заграв (про осінь)
рій ос
і ось
вже осінь
і
о
осінь
інь
нь (Б.-І. Антонич)
Summing up the informational options of sound instrumentation, rhyme, rhythm, graphical arrangement of a discourse one sees their varied application for revealing and emphasizing the author’s viewpoint, his ideas and attitudes.
Lecture No 3. Stylistic resources of English and Ukrainian Grammar
Grammar is a branch of linguistics that studies grammatical structure of language, its units on different language levels: the levels of morphology and syntax. It consists of morphology, word-building and syntax, the latter being further subdivided into the level of phrase, the level of sentence and the level of text. Grammatical Stylistics, taking into consideration data obtained within the domain of grammar, studies grammatical means which are able to produce specific stylistic effect according to the aim and purpose of speech.