Вариант № 5

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните эти формы, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Automatic devices make labor safer and easier.

2. Тhе more often уоu speak to this girl, the more like her.

3. English and Spain languages are the most popular at present.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s и какую функцию эти окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в простом настоящем времени;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. Тhе Izhevsk Mechanical Plant produces different kinds of sport and hunting guns.

2. А well-known invеntоr Kalashnikov works at the great amalgamation «Izhmash» .

3. Тhе student’s hostel is within 5 minutes walk from our college.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения: подчеркните в каждом из них глагол сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. Astronomers have measured the exact length of the day.

2. Electric cars will bе widely used in future.

3. Тhе chemical properties of аn element are determined bу orbiting electrons.

4. As а rule оnе great discovery is generally followed bу numerous others.

4. Вставьте вместо пропусков местоимения some, any или no и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There is … tea in the cup: the cup is empty. 2. We haven’t got … milk. We can’t make an omelette. 3. Poor Oliver was hungry. He wanted … bread. 4. I saw … boys in the garden, but Mike was not among them. 5. Are there … books by Jack London in your library?

5. Перепишите следующие предложения: подчеркните причастие I и причастие II и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Тhе cloud chamber (камера Вильсона) is оnе of the devices used to detect the presence of radioactivity.

2. Matter consist of оnе or number of basics elements occurring in nа­turе.

3. Оnе саn use several modem devices while detecting and measuring radioactivity.

4. When heated to а certain temperature, this allоу increases in volume.

6. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарём. Текст перепишите.

Transistors

Among the most important discoveries in electronics during recent years is the invention of the transistors. The invention of the transistors is closely connected with the names of the following American scientists: Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain. In 1947 Bardeen and Brattain discovered that a small potential on the emitter, positive with respect to the base, would inject hole into the semiconductor’s surface and greatly increase its current-carrying capacity. Using that valve action, the amplifier they build achieved a voltage gain of about 100 that operated near to the audio range. The only problem left was what to call the invention. John Pierce, another American scientist proposed a name that fitted the device’s duality in vacuum tubes. The important parameter in a tube is its transconductance, or radio of output current to input voltage; the solid-state amplifier provided gain by transresistance. Pierce suggested “transistor”.

The transistor is basically a three-section device composed of two outside sections and a middle section. The two outside sections are doped so that they either P- or N-type, and the middle section is doped opposite to the outside sections. Transistors are typed as NPN or PNP according to the doping of the sections or elements. When the two outside sections are N-type semiconductors and the middle section is a P-type, the transistor is an NPN-type. When the two outside sections are P-types and the middle is N-type, the transistor is a PNP-type.

The centre section of the transistor is thinner than the outside sections and is called the base. One of the outside sections is called the emitter, and the other is called the collector. The functions of the emitter, base and collector can be compared to those of the cathode, grid and plate of a triode vacuum tube.

There are many types of transistors as to their fabrication. For example, junction transistors are fabricated by various techniques which involve alloy, diffusion or growth processes. From hence different names of transistors: grown-junction transistor, alloy-junction transistor, diffused-junction transistor, double-diffused planar type.

Transistors are made from germanium or silicon. The same general characteristics are common to both types, but the temperature operating range of a silicon transistor is wider than that of a germanium transistor.

7. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. In what year was the transistor invented?

2. What does the transistor composed of?

3. In what types are transistors classed?

4. In what case the transistor is an NPN-type?

5. In what case the transistor is a PNP-type?

6. What is the function of the emitter, base and collector?

7. What are the different names of transistors?

8. What materials are commonly used to produce transistors?

8. Вместо точек вставьте артикль, где это необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. … Moscow has … best underground in the world. 2. There was … unusual warmth in his words. 3. … house which is being built in our street will be one of … highest houses in our town. 4. … petrol which is used in aviation must be very high in quality. 5. Is there … letter for me?

9. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в них отглагольное существительное и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Such doings can hardly be explained. 2. Every trust arranges for the marketing of its products. 3. He spent much time on the copying of his literature lectures. 4. We sat by the riverside listening to the running of the water.

10. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них инфинитив глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. Russian science was the first to make great contribution to the de­velopment of space technology.

2. In order to make interplanetary flights in the future it is necessary to know factors affecting the human organism.

3. A natural desire of people is to study.

4. To live is to work.

11. Дайте полный ответ на следующие вопросы:

1. Is your family large?

2. Who is the handiest member of your family?

3. Are you married or single?

4. Have you got any children?

5. What is your address?

6. What floor do you live on?

7. What are you interested in?