Assonance is a stylistically motivated repetition of stressed vowels.

Asyndeton is deliberate omission of structurally significant conjunctions and connectives. The omission of conjunctions and connectives between the parts of complex and compound sentences or between homogeneous parts of the sentence imparts strong semantic and emotional colouring to the whole utterance, shapes its rhythmic contour, makes the speech dynamic and expressive.

Attachment or gap-sentence link (приєднання) is a stylistic device based on a peculiar type of connection of sentence parts or sentences in a text. In the case of attachment this connection is not immediately apparent and it requires a certain mental effort to grasp the interrelation between the parts of the utterance, in other words, to bridge the semantic gap.

Chiasmus belongs to the group of stylistic devices based on the similarity of a syntactical pattern in two successive sentences or coordinate parts of a sentence, but it has a cross order of words and phrases. The structure of two successive sentences or parts of a sentence may be described as reversed parallel construction, the word order of one of the sentences being inverted as compared with that of the other.

Climax is stylistic device consists in arranging the utterance so that each subsequent component of it increases significance, importance or emotional tension of narration. Climax suddenly interrupted by an unexpected turn of the thought that defeats expectations of the reader (listener) and ends in a complete semantic reversal of the idea is called anticlimax.

Detachment (відокремлення) is a stylistic device based on singling out structurally and semantically a secondary member of the sentence with the help of punctuation: dashes, commas or even a full stop. A detached sentence component may seem formally independent of the words it refers to, though the word order may not be violated and semantic connections between the elements remain strong.

Ellipsis is an intentional omission of the subject, predicate or both principal parts of a sentence in cases when they are semantically redundant. The meaning of the omitted member can be easily restored from the context.

Enumeration is a stylistic device by which separate things, objects, phenomena, properties, actions are named one by one so that they produce a chain of syntactically homogeneous but semantically remote elements. Due to the common syntactic links and equal syntactic status the enumerated elements are forced to display some kind of semantic homogeneity, remote though it may seem.

Epithet is a figurative, expressive attribute that emphasizes the most prominent, leading feature of a thing or phenomenon. Fixed epithets are epithets which due to the long and frequent usage have become inseparable unities, fusions that are deeply rooted in folk poetic traditions and that remain in modern language unchanged. Emotional epithets are qualifying words that convey the emotional evaluation of the object. Unassociated epithets are attributes used to characterize the object by adding a feature not inherent in it, i.e. a feature which may be so unexpected as to strike the reader by its novelty. Transferred epithet (зміщений епітет)is a special structural and semantic type of epithet is so called Transferred epithets are ordinary logical attributes generally describing the state of a human being, but made to refer to an inanimate object. Simple epithets are expressed by a single adjective or adverb. Compound epithets are expressed by a compound adjective, as in turned-nosed peacock, блакитно-срібний сон. Phrasal and clausal epithets are expressed by a phrase or a sentence the sunshine-in-the-breakfast-room smile, do-it-yourself command, темно-сірі з грозою і цвітом очі, чутка одна баба сказала, моя хата з краю підхід. Reversed epithet is an epithet composed of two nouns linked in an of-phrase. The subjective, evaluating, emotional element is embodied not in the noun attribute but in the noun structurally described, for example: “the shadow of a smile”; “a devil of a job” .

Euphemism is a word or word combination which is used to replace an unpleasantly sounding word or word combination.

Free verse – a combination of various metrical feet in a line. It is characterized by the absence of equiliniarity, stanzas are of varying length, rhyme however is generally retained.

Graphon is intentional violation of graphical shape of a word or word combination.

Hyperbole is stylistic device in which emphasis is achieved through deliberate exaggeration of a certain quality of an object or phenomenon.

Inversion is a syntactic phenomenon of the deliberate changing of word order in the initial sentence model. Grammatical inversion is aimed at the change of the communicative type of sentence and has no stylistic value. Stylistic inversion is aimed at logical or emotional intensification of a certain sentence element. It attaches the additional emotional colouring to the surface meaning of the utterance.

Irony is a stylistic device also based on the simultaneous realization of two logical meanings-dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in opposition to each other.

Litotes is a special type of meiosis. It has a 46агально syntactic structure that consists in double negation. Such combination generally has positive sense and makes judgments and statements more delicate and diplomatic.

Meiosis is deliberate diminution of a certain quality of an object (opposite to hyperbole). Meiosis underlines the insignificance of such qualities as size, time, volume, distance, and shape.

Metaphor is the transference of the name of one object into another object based on the similarity of the objects. Simple metaphor that expresses indiscrete notion may comprise a word, word combination or sentence. Prolonged or sustained metaphor is metaphor that consists of a number of sentences or even a paragraph. In this case the word that has been used metaphorically makes other words of the sentence or paragraph to realize their figurative meaning and unfold the meaning of the first, initial metaphor. Metaphor that unfolds within the boundaries of the whole text or the whole literary work is known under the term compositional metaphor (композиційна або сюжетна метафора). Original metaphors always have a definite author and are fresh and unpredictable. Dead metaphors are metaphors that have become subjected to the process of lexicalization, they have lost their novelty and vigour due to the long and frequent usage

Metonymy is transference of the name of one object into another object, based on the principle of contiguity of the two objects.

Nominative (or nominal) sentence is a one-member sentence, which kernel component is expressed by a noun or noun-like element (gerund, numeral).