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6. Define the type pf stylistic device realized in the following sentences (5 points)

A.I was staring directly in front of me, at the back of the driver’s neck, which was a relief map of boil scars.

B.They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to communicate.

C.We sat down at a table with two girls in yellow and three men, each one introduced to us as Mr. Mumble.

D.Than Roy no one could show a more genuine cordiality to a fellow novelist.

E.Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squalor, squalor led in the final stages, to the smells and stagnation of B. Inn alley.

7.Answer the following question in a written form.

The problem of context in stylistics. Types of contextual meaning.

10. Examination questions

  1. The problem of context in stylistics. Contextual meaning. Tropes: figures of substitution (metaphor, personification, metonymy, epithet, antonomasia, hyperbole, meiosis, litotes, irony)

  2. Meaning from a stylistic point of view. Stylistic devices based on the polysemantic effect.

  3. Tropes: figures of combination (simile, oxymoron, antithesis, paradox, climax,zeugma and pun).

  4. Syntactic stylistic devices based on the reduction of sentence model (nominative sentences, elliptical sentences, break–in-the-narrative, asyndeton).

  5. Syntactic stylistic devices based on the extension of sentence model (repetition, enumeration, polysyndeton). Syntactic stylistic devices based on the change of word order (inversion, detachment).

  6. Syntactic stylistic devices: parallelism, chiasmus, parceling, attachment. Rhetoric question.

  7. Compositional patterns and rhythmical arrangement of a verse. Graphical and phonetic stylistic devices.

Appendix 1. Glossary

Accented verse – a verse where only a number of stresses is taken into consideration. The number of syllables is not constituent, the lines have neither pattern of metrical feet, nor fixed length. There is no notion of stanza and there is no thyme.

Allegory( circumlocution (іносказання), parable (притча)) is another type of metaphor (see metaphor and personification). Allegory unlike metaphor and personification can be understood only within the whole text, i. e. the domain of allegory is not a sentence but the whole literary text or a logically completed narration in which all described things, characters, events have figurative meaning.

Alliteration is the repetition of similar sounds, in particular, consonant sounds, in close succession, usually at the beginning of successive words; a phonetic stylistic device which aims at imparting a melodic effect to the utterance.

Antithesis is a figure of contrast that stands close to oxymoron. The major difference between them is structural: oxymoron is realized through a single word combination or a sentence, while antithesis is a confrontation of at least two separate phrases or sentences semantically opposite.The essence of antithesis lies in the intentional emphasizing of two contradictory but logically and emotionally closely connected notions, phenomena, objects, situations, events, ideas, images.

Antonomasia (or renaming – перейменування) is a lexical stylistic device that lies in the interplay between the logical and nominal meanings of a word. Antonomasia is a kind of metaphor in which the nominal meaning of a proper noun is suppressed by its logical meaning or the logical meaning of a common noun acquires the new nominal component.

Apocoinu construction is the omission of the pronominal (adverbial) connective of the complex sentence that creates the blend of the main and subordinate clause. As a result of this process the predicative or the object of the first clause is simultaneously used as the subject of the second one.

Aposiopesis is an abrupt break off of the narration caused by the speaker’s unwillingness to proceed or his/her disability to speak because of the emotional rush, hesitation, indecision, etc. Aposiopesis is a common feature of colloquial speech. In literary discourse aposiopesis, like ellipsis and one-member sentences, is mostly to be found in dialogues, direct, indirect or represented speech.