57

Diphthongs

[iə]

1. Spelling.

-er- period /piəriəd/, cereal /siəriəl/, serial, imperial /im'piəriəl/;

-ear- beard, clear, appear;

-ere- mere, sphere, interfere, here;

-eer- sheer, deer;

-ea- idea, real, theatre;

-ier- fierce, pierce, tier, chandelier, barrier, worrier, heavier;

-ir- fakir [‘feikiə], emir, souvenir;

-ia- media, India, camellia, encyclopedia;

-ial- labial, adverbial, material; colloquial, serial, memorial;

-ious- amphibious, 'dubious, tedious [‘ti:diəs], melodious; ceremonious, various, 'serious, mysterious, curious, industrious, luxurious, obvious;

-eous- gaseous [‘gæsiəs], hideous, piteous, extraneous;

-ium- 'tedium, harmonium, medium;

-eo/io- theological, onion, period.

2. Monosyllabic words.

Ear, year, beer, mere, fear, sheer, real, queer, clear.

3. Polysyllabic words.

a) Stressed position: hearer, 'fearful, 'clearly; 'merely, theory, 'era, eery, weary; ideal, material, museum, experience, cashier, engineer, arrears, un­real.

b) Unstressed position:

‘burial, 'nuclear, 'curious, 'furious, 'middle-ear, 'reindeer, 'roe-deer, cochlea [‘kokliə]; tierce [tiəs] (n), pianissimo[ ].

4. Geographical names.

Albania [æl'beiniə], Alexandria, Algeria, Al’giers, Apia [æ'piə], Arabia [ə'reibiə], Armenia , Assyria , Australia, Austria, Ayshire [eə’∫iə], Berkshire [‘ba:k∫iə], Bolivia [bə’liviə], Brasilia, Byzantium [bi’zæntiəm], Caspian Sea; Colombia [kə’lombiə], Crimea [krai’miə], Lake Erie [‘iəri], Erin [‘iərin], New Orleans [‘oliənz], Madeira [mə’diərə], Liberia [lai’biəriə], Korea , Kashmir [‘kæ∫miə], the Pamirs [pə’miəz], Siberia [sai’biəriə].

5. Proverbs, sayings, idiomatic expressions.

1. Near and dear.

2. Experience keeps a dear school.

3. To smile through tears.

4. Who fears to suffer suffers from fear.

5. Experience is the best teacher.

6. Appearances are deceitful.

[ei]

1. Spelling.

-a- baker, famous, came, saving;

-ai- main, rail;

-ay- day, lay;

-ei- weight, veil;

-ey- they, prey;

-ea- great, break;

-ate- (verbs) communicate, advocate, educate, nauseate [‘no:zieit], 'delegate, create, accommodate, translate, 'animate, 'examinate,'graduate [‘grædjueit].

Also: bass [beis], gauge [geidg], gaol [dgeil].

2. Monosyllabic words.

Ail, aim, ache, ape, lay, cay, day, gay.

3. Polysyllabic words.

a) Stressed position: acorn, apricot, paper, 'baker, 'famous, 'favour, waitress, 'patient, later, create, cremate, translate, foundation, starvation, decay, ovation, tempta­tion, obey, oasis [ou’eisis].

b) Unstressed position: detail, AD, room-mate, aide-memoire, suit­case, a.m., midday, inlay, essay, sunbathe, survey.

4. Geographical names.

Adlaide [‘ædleid], Aden [eidn], Adriatic Sea, Albania [ ], Arabia [ə’reibia], Archangel [‘a:k,eindgəl], Asia, Australia.

5. Proverbs, sayings, idiomatic expressions

1) Haste makes waste.

2) Get a name to rise early, and you may lie all day.

3) Make hay while the sun shines.

4) To lay by for a rainy day.

5) What a day may bring, a day may take away.

6) Empty vessels make the greatest sound.

7) He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

8) To call a spade a spade.

9) Save your pains.

10) Small rain lays great dust.

11) I can't make head or tail of it.

12) He would raise Cain about the slightest mistake.

13) To save one's bacon.

Limerick by C. Wells

There was a young fellow named Tait,

Who dined with his girl at 8:08

But I'd hate to relate

What that fellow named Tait.

And his tete-a-tete ate at Eight-Eight.

[eə]

1. Spelling.

-a+r- vary, parents, care; -air- pair, fair;

-ear- bear, tear

Also: ere, there, their, heir, layer, mayor.

2. Monosyllabic words.

Ere, hare, share, pear, chair, spare.

3. Polysyllabic words.

a) Stressed position:

careful, daring, parents, various, aerial, airport, airy; compare, prepare, affair, declare, unbearable, unaware.

b) Unstressed position:

downstairs, upstairs, highchair, skiwear, underwear, footwear, somewhere; erelong, erenow.

4. Geographical names.

Nigeria [ ] , Ayrshire [eə’∫iə ].

5. Proverbs, sayings, idiomatic expressions.

^{1) There, there.}

2. Bear and forbear.

3. I dare swear.

4. It's late to tear your hair.

5. Take care of the minutes and the hours will take care of themselves.

6. There and then.

7. Where there's a will, there's a way. 8) Airy-fairy. It's an airy-fairy dream.

[iə - eə]

ear — air

beer— bear

tear — tear

fear — fare

sneer — snare

hear — hair

rear — rare

leer — lair

steer — stair

mere — mayor

sheer — share

dear — dare

peer — pair

cheer — chair

clear — Claire

[ai]

-i-	biting, miner, bind, blind;
-y-	my, fly, type;
-ie-	pie, tie;
-ye-	rye, dye;
-igh-	high, sight;
-ei-	height, either;
-ui-	guide, guise;
-ite-	recite, unite;
-fy-	specify, modify, qualify
-ize-	criticize, apologize, 'sympathize, realize
-yze- anayze, electrolyze	'analyze, electrolyze

Also: aisle, buy, eye, guy, pint.

2. Monosyllabic words: rise, pike, line, life.