Завдання № 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово текст:

15 балів

ALUMINIUM AND ITS ALLOYS

Pure metals are comparatively seldom used; in engineering, application is made chiefly of alloys which consist of two or more metals, or of metals and metalloids.

Alloys are metallic solids, complex in composition, formed as a result of the freezing of the melt – the liquid solution of two or more metals, or metals and metalloids.

Each constituent of an alloy is called a component. Alloys may be binary (two-components), ternary (three-components), etc.

The ability of various metals to form alloys differs greatly and, therefore, the structure of various alloys after solidification may also be very diverse.

In the liquid state, alloys are entirely homogeneous and from the physical point of view constitute a single phase. Nonhomogeneity may appear when an alloy is transformed from the liquid to the solid state, i. e. several solid phases are formed. After solidification, alloys may consist of one, two or more phases depending upon the nature of their components. Certain metals are not mutually soluble in the liquid state; they form two layers with different specific weights (e. g., lead and iron, lead and zink, etc.) It is difficult to form an alloy in such cases since it is necessary to mix the metals into each other.

Next to oxygen, aluminium is the most abudant element in nature: about 7.45 per cent of the earth's crust consists of aluminium.

Aluminium is extracted from rock with a high alumina content. The most important sources are bauxite, kaolin, nepheline and alunite.

Bauxite is the principal source of aluminium. The less silica in a bauxite the higher its quality as an aluminium ore. Kaolin clays are very abundant in nature but the extraction of aluminium from these ores presents diffi­culties due to the considerable amount of silica present.

The most important properties of aluminium are its low specific gravity (2.7), high electrical and thermal conductivities, high ductility, and corrosion resistance in various media.

Pure aluminium has only few applications; it is used for the manufacture of electrical wire, chemical apparatus, household utensils and for coating other metals.

Aluminium alloys are more widely used in industry. Wrought aluminium alloys have a high mechanical strength which in some cases approaches the strength of steel. Wrought aluminium alloys are further classified as (1) non-heat-treatable and (2) heat-treatable alloys. Wrought aluminium alloys also include complex alloys of aluminium with copper, nickel, iron, silicon and other alloying eilements. Complex wrought aluminium alloys of the duralumin (dural) type and certain others have found most extensive application in many industries.

Завдання № 2.

Віднайдіть у тексті та випишіть 10 інтернаціоналізмів, 10 термінів і

термінологічних словосполучень, дайте їх переклад українською. 5 балiв

Завдання № 3.

Заповніть пропуски у реченнях відповідними словами, обраними серед

поданих нижче: 5 балiв

Extraction, conductivity, manufacture, element, solidification.

1. Alluminium is used for the … of electrical wire, chemicarapparatus, household utensils and for coating other metals.

2. High electrical and thermal … – one of the most important properties of aluminium.

3. The … of aluminium from these ores presents diffi­culties due to the considerable amount of silica present.

4. The structure of various alloys after … may also be very diverse.

5. Aluminium is the most abudant … in nature: about 7.45 per cent of the earth's crust consists of aluminium.

Завдання № 4.

Утворiть речення, використовуючи записанi нижче слова:

6 балiв

1. Different, metals, two, specific, layers, form, weights, certain, with.

2. Wire, of, electrical, utensils, pure, the, used, manufacture, household, is, aluminium, for.

3. Properties, most, corrosion, aluminium, the, of, resistance, of, important, one, is.

4. Approches, of, high, alloys, strength, the, steel, of, strength, aluminium, mechanical, a, wrought.

Завдання № 5.

Дайте відповіді на питання за текстом: 5 балiв

1. What are alloys?

2. What are the most important sources of alu­minium?

3. What are the most important properties of alu­minium?

4. How were wrought aluminium alloys further clas­sified?

5. What aluminium alloys have found most extensive application in many industries?

Завдання № 6.

Перекладіть запропонованi речення, звертаючи особливу увагу на рiзнi значення видiленого слова:

6 балiв

1. How do you want to HEAD this chapter of your book?

2. Having a good HEAD for business he managed to set up shop very quickly.

3. “HEAD” is the term we use to define the water pressure or the hight it falls from in such installations as water turbines.

4. He was appointed to HEAD the expedition.

Завдання № 7.

Напишіть та запам’ятайте переклад наступних слів та словосполучень:

10 балiв

Machine-tools; step-cone head; plain bearings; cross-section area; fitting; tolerance; faceplate; thrust washers; bed; gear teeth; to cut threads; face plate; turret lathe; automatic screw machine; upright drilling machine; spindle; to mount smth; milling nachines; rotating cutters; gear drive; jack screw; spacing washers; locking nut; shaper; to lubricate with oil; tap; planer; slotting machine; rack-and-pinion drive; dog clutches.

Загальна максимальна рейтингова оцінка: 52 бали

ВАРІАНТ № 15.