4. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions.

1. What is the name of each tiny dot on the screen of the computer?

2. How are the images and texts formed?

3. How does the bit-mapped display correspond with bits in the main memory of the computer?

4. How is the area of the memory, where the bits are held, called?

5. What is correlation between the bits and pixels on monochrome systems?

V. Communicative skills

Topic for discussion: The virtual memory is a notion of the virtual world. What notions of the virtual world could name? (Use additional materials).

Unit 5 Topic: An alternative to the computer mouse

I. Reading skills

1. Pre-reading tasks

a) You will read a text about devices alternative to the computer mouse supporting user’s interface.

• What do you know about heptic devices?

• Could you name some of the devices of entering data?

b) Read and remember the following words and word combinations used in their specialized meanings.

eye-tracking hardware технічне забезпечення, яке відслідковує рух очей

high-definition camera фотокамера із високою якістю розділення

novel user interface новий інтерфейс користувача

disabled users користувачі з обмеженими можливостями

able-bodied users працездатні користувачі

pinpoint точно визначити, сконцентруватися на проблемі

hot key “гарячі” клавіші

gaze-based interface інтерфейс, який базується на напрямку погляду

blink мopгати

click through клік (натискання) на посилання

2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. An alternative to the computer mouse

A researcher at Stanford has created an alternative to the mouse that allows a person using a computer to click links, highlight text, and scroll simply by looking at the screen and tapping a key on the keyboard. By using standard eye-tracking hardware--a specialized computer screen with a high-definition camera and infrared lights--Manu Kumar, a doctoral student who works with computer-science professor Terry Winograd, has developed a novel user interface that is easy to operate.

"Eye-tracking technology was developed for disabled users," Kumar explains, "but the work that we're doing here is trying to get it to a point where it becomes more useful for able-bodied users." He says that nondisabled users tend to have a higher standard for easy-to-use interfaces, and previously, eye-tracking technology that disabled people use hasn't appealed to them.

At the heart of Kumar's technology is software called EyePoint that works with standard eye-tracking hardware. The software uses an approach that requires that a person look at a Web link, for instance, and hold a "hot key" on the keyboard (usually found on the number pad on the right) as she is looking. The area of the screen that's being looked at becomes magnified. Then, the person pinpoints her focus within the magnified region and releases the hot key, effectively clicking through to the link.

Kumar's approach could take eye-tracking user interfaces in the right direction. Instead of designing a common type of gaze-based interface that is controlled completely by the eyes--for instance, a system in which a user gazes at a given link then blinks in order to click through--he has involved the hand, which makes the interaction more natural. "He's got the right idea to let the eye augment the hand," says Robert Jacob, professor of computer science at Tufts University, in Medford, MA.

3. Find the answers to the questions:

1. What novel user interface was developed by two scientists at Stanford?

2. Was Eye-tracking technology developed for disabled users only?

3. What do nondisabled users tend to have?

4. What kind of software was at the heart of novelty technology?

5. In what direction is gaze-based interface being developed further?

4. Complete the sentences.

1. A researcher at Stanford has created …

2. By using standard eye-tracking hardware the scientists has developed …

3. The work being done here by the scientists is trying to get this technology to a point where …

4. The software uses an approach that requires …

5. Instead of designing a common type of gaze-based interface …

5. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

Здобувати інформацію, шлюз, мережевий інтерфейс, гаряча клавіша, точно визначити, неприбуткові організації, інтерфейс користувача, користувач з обмеженими фізичним, можливостями, фізично здорові користувачі, моргати, мережа.

6. True or false statements.

1. A researcher at Stanford has created a new mouse that allows a person using a computer to click links.

2. By using standard eye-tracking hardware--a specialized computer screen with a high-definition camera and infrared lights the scientists have developed a novel user interface that is easy to operate.

3. At the heart of novelty technology is software called PowerPoint that works with standard publishing hardware.

4. The person pinpoints her focus within the magnified region and releases the hot key, effectively clicking through to the link.

5. The leg was involved into novelty technology which made the interaction more natural.