- •Офтальмологическая терминология
- •Кадила фармасьютикалз
- •6 /А/ Анизейкония
- •8 / Б / Блефарорафия
- •10/ Г /гипосфагма
- •12/ Д / диафаногониоскопия
- •14/И/ Иридоколобома
- •16/ К. / Кератит
- •18/К / Криоэкстракция катаракты
- •20 / М/ Мидриаз
- •22/0/ Ортоптика
- •24 / П / Панофтальмит
- •26 / Р / Рейтеры
- •28/ С / Стереоскоп
- •30/Ф/ Факопротезирование
- •34 / Э / Электроокулография
- •Офтальмологическая терминология (учебное пособие)
- •400131, Г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, 1
- •400001, Г. Волгоград, ул. Ким, 6, тел. 97-49-92
- •400001, Г. Волгоград, ул. Ким, 6, тел.: 97-47-40, 97-48-21.
34 / Э / Электроокулография
метод диагностики глаукомы, заключающийся в последовательном воздействии на глаз тонометров возрастающего веса
Электроокулография [электро- + лат. oculus "глаз" + греч. grapho "писать"] - метод исследования функции глазодвигательных мышц или функционального состояния наружных слоев сетчатки, заключающийся в графической регистрации изменений биопотенциалов глаза при его движениях
Электроофтальмия [electroophthalmia < электро- + греч. ophthalmos "глаз"], син. офтальмия электрическая - фотоофтальмия, вызванная излучением электрических источников света (в т. ч. ультрафиолетового излучения)
Электроретинография [электро- + анат. retina "сетчатка" + греч. grapho "писать"] - метод изучения функционального состояния сетчатки, основанный на регистрации биопотенциалов, возникающих в ней при световом раздражении
Электротонограф [электро- + тонограф], син. тонограф электромеханический - прибор для графической регистрации изменений внутриглазного давления
Электротонография [электро- + топография] - разновидность тонографии, при которой производится непрерывная регистрация изменений внутриглазного давления с помощью электротонографа
Эмбриотоксон [embryotoxon < греч. embryon "эмбрион, зародыш" + греч. toxon "лук, дуга"] - врожденное помутнение периферических отделов роговицы
Эмметропия [emmetropia < греч. emmetros "отмеренный, соразмерный" + греч. ops, opos "глаз"], син. рефракция глаза эмметропическая, соразмерная - рефракция глаза, при которой положение заднего главного фокуса оптической системы глаза совпадает с сетчаткой
Эндофтальмит [endophthalmitis < греч. endo, endon "внутри" + греч. ophthalmos "глаз" + -itis] - гнойное воспаление внутренних оболочек глазного яблока
Энофтальм [enophthalmus < греч. en- "находящийся внутри, в пределах чего- либо" + греч. ophthalmos "глаз"] - более глубокое, чем в норме, расположение глазного яблока в глазнице
Энтоптический феномен [< греч. entos "внутри" + греч. opticos "относящийся к зрению"] - зрительное восприятие непрозрачных объектов, находящихся в оптических срезах глаза и на глазном дне
Энтропион [entropium < греч. entrepo "вращать внутрь, заворачивать"; греч. еп- "находящийся внутри, в пределах чего-либо" + греч. tropos "поворот, направление"] - заворот века
Энуклеация глаза [enucleatio oculi <лат. enucleo, enucleatum "извлекать ядро, вылущивать"], син. вылущивание {устар.) — хирургическая операция: удаление глазного яблока
Эпикантус [epicantus < греч. epi- "расположение над чем-либо" +лат. canthus, греч. kanthos "угол глазной щели"] - вертикальная кожная складка, прикрывающая медиальный угол глазной щели
Эписклерит [episcleritis < греч. epi- "расположение над чем-либо" + анат. sclera "склера" + -ит] - воспаление поверхностных слоев склеры
Эпитарзус [epitarsus < греч. epi- "расположение над чем-либо" + анат. tarsus palpebrae "хрящ века"] - аномалия развития: дупликатура конъюнктивы глазного яблока между ее переходной складкой и хрящом верхнего века
Эпифора [epiphora < греч. epi- "расположение над чем-либо" + греч. "натиск,
Эхоофтальмограф /Э / 35
наплыв, поток слез"], сии. слезотечение ретенционное - слезотечение, обусловленное нарушением слезоотведения
Эризифак [< греч. erysis "вытягивание, извлечение" + греч. phakos "чечевица, линза"] - инструмент для интракапсулярной экстракции катаракты
Эритропсия [erythropsia < греч. erythros "красный" + греч. opsis "зрение"] - нарушение зрительного восприятия, при котором все видимое представляется окрашенным в красноватый цвет
Эхоофтальмограф [< греч. echo "эхо, отголосок" + офталъмограф], син. офтальмологический ультразвуковой локатор, офталъмограф ультразвуковой — прибор для измерения линейных размеров глаза и обнаружения в нем новообразований или инородных тел методом ультразвуковой эхографии
36/А/ Aberration of the eye
A
Aberration of the eye [< lat. abeiratio "deflextion"] - distortion of the imaging on the retina due to imperfection of the eye optic system
Ablepharia [ablepharia < a- Greek prefix, meaning negation or absence something + gr. blepharon "eye lid"] - development anomaly: absence of the eyelids and lid fissure
Accommodation of the eye [< lat. accommodatio "accommodation"] - physiological process of the eye refractive power changing during visual perception of the objects, which are situated at the various distance
Accommodometer [accommodation + gr. metreo "to measure"] - instrument for accommodation examination
Accommodotrainer [accommodation + trainer] - instrument for the accommodation training
Achromatopsia [achromatopsia < a- Greek prefix, meaning negation or absence of something + gr. chroma, chromatos "colour, stain" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. achromasia, achromatopia, monochromasia, color blindness - absence of the color vision
Acoria [gr. akoria < a- Greek prefix, meaning negation or absence of something+gr. kore "pupil"] - pupil absence in aniridia
Adaptation of the eye [< lat. adaptatio "adaptation"] - eye ability to adapt to various levels of the illumination stimuli (light or colour), resulting in the changing of the light (color) sensitivity
Adaptometer [adaptation + gr. metreo "to measure"] - instrument for the dark adaptaion examination
Adaptoelectrooculography [adaptation + electrooculographia] - electrooculog- raphy, made in the light and dark adaptation conditions
Amaurosis [amaurosis < gr. amaurosis "darkness, loss of the vision, blindness"] - complete blindness of the one or both eyes due to central nerve system damages with preservation of the light reaction of the pupil
Amblyopia [amblyopia < gr. amblys "dull, weak" + gr. ops, opos "eye"] - decreasing of the vision due to functional disorders of the visual analizator
Amblyoscope [amblyo- + gr. skopeo "to see"] - apparatus for binocular vision training in orthoptic treatment of strabismus
Amblyotrainer [amblyo- + train] - apparatus for the development and training of stereoscopic visual orientation in amblyopia treatment
Ametropia [ametropia < gr. ametros "disregulate, disproportionate" + gr. ops, opos "eye"] - eye refraction anomaly, in which discrepancy between refracting power of the eye optic system and axial eye length is present
Anaphoria [anaphoria < gr. ana- prefix, meaning movement upwards + gr. phoros "carrying"] - one of the heterophoria forms, in which tendency to consensual turning of the both eyes upwards is observed
Angiography (with fluorescein) [<gr. angeion "vessel" + gr. grapheo "to record, to write"] - method of the eye vessels examination with intravenous injection of the
Asthenopia / A / 37
fluorescein and simultaneous recording of the image by the serial photographing, cinema or video shooting
Aniseikonia \gr. aniseikonia < gr. anisos "unequal"+ gr. eikon "image"] - inequality of the image size of the one obj ect on the retina of the right and left eyes
Aniseikonometer [aniseikonia + gr. metreo "to measure"], syn. ophthalmeiko- nometer, eikonometer - instrument for the revealing of the aniseikonia and defining its degree
Anisocoria [anisocoria < gr. anisos "unequal" + gr. kore "pupil"] - inequality of the right and left pupils size
Anisometropia [<gr. anisos "unequal"+g?: metron "measure" +gr. ops, opos "eye"], syn. heterometropia - right and left eye refractive power inequality
Anisophoria [anisophoria < gr. anisos "unequal"+ grphoros "carrying"] - form of heterophoria, in which changing of the deviation degree of the squinting eye from symmetrical position in the changing of the view direction is present
Aniridia [aniridia < gr. an- prefix, meaning absence + gr. iris, iridis], syn. irideremia - absence of the whole iris or its greater part due to developmental anomaly or trauma
Ankyloblepharon [ankyloblepharon < gr.ankylos "curved, crooked"+ gr. blepharon "eyelid"] - partial or total adherence of the eyelid margins, resulting in lid fissure narrowing or its absence
Ankylosymblepharon [ankylosymblepharon < gr. ankylos "curved, crooked" + gr. sym "with, together" + gr. blepharon "eyelid"] - combination of the adherence of the lid conjunctiva and eye-globe conjunctiva (symblepharon) and adherence of the eyelid margins (ankyloblepharon)
Anomaloscope [anomaly+gr. skopeo "to see, to observe"] - instrument for the color vision testing and determination of its disorder types
Anomaloscopy [anomaly + gr. skopeo "to see, to observe"] - color vision testing method, provided by the anomaloscope
Anophtalmia, anophthalmy [anophthalmus < gr. an- prefix, meaning absence + gr. ophthalmos "eye"] - absence of one or both eye globes
Anopia [anopia < gr. an- prefix, meaning absence + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"] - absence or defect of vision; is used as a terminoelement in the complex words, mainly meaning color vision disorders
Anopsia [anopsia < gr. an- prefix, meaning absence+gr. opsis "vision"] - absence or defect of vision; is used as a terminoelement in the complex words and word-combinations Applanometer [lat. ap-"neamess, proximity" + lat. planus "plane, flattened out" + gr. metreo "to measure"] - instrument for the intraocular pressure measurement by the determination of the flattening degree of the eye globe surface on pressing it Aphakia [aphakia < a-+gr. phacos "lentil"] - eye condition without lens Arcus (cornea) jnveniiis - firm corneal opacity of degenerative type, similar in shape to A.(c)seni!is, but developing in young age
Arcus (cornea) senilis (syn. gr. gerontoxon "senile arch") - firm corneal opacity of degenerative type, developing in eldery age
Artiphakia, syn. pseudophakia [artiphakia < lat. artefactum "artificial, man-made" + gr. phacos "lentil"] - eye condition with the presence of intraocular lens instead of extracted native lens
Asthenopia [asthenopia < gr. asthenes "weak" + gr. ops, opos "eye"] - rapidly
38/ А/ Astigmatism
developing eye tiredness during visual exertion
Astigmatism of the eye [astigmatismus < a- +gr. stigma, stigmatos "point"] - refractive error, in which eye optic system refractive power is various in the different meridians
Astigmometer [astigmatism + gr. metreo "to measure"] - an instrument for the eye astigmatism examination
Atarsia [atarsia < a- + anat. tarsus palpebrae "lid tarsus, tarsal plate"] - congenital absence of the eye lid tarsus, rare occurring
В
Biomicroscope [bio- + microscope], syn. slit lamp - instrument for the eye biomicroscopy
Biomicroscopy of the eye [bio- + microscopy] - examination method of the eye optic media and tissues with a slit lamp (biomicroscope)
Biomicroophthalmoscopy [biomicroscopy + ophthalmoscopy] - biomicroscopy of the eye fundus
Blennorrhea [blennorrhoea < gr. blennos "mucous secretion, mucus" + gr. rrhoia " flow, stream"], .sy/j.blennorrhagia, blennorrheal conjunctivitis, ophthalmoblennorrea - acute purulent inflammation of the conjunctiva
Blepharitis [blepharitis < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + -itis] - inflammation of the eye lid margins
Blepharitis-rosazea [blepharitis rosacea < lat. rosaceus "rosy, pink"], syn. rosazea- blepharitis - blepharitis with formation of small grayish-red knots on the lid skin
Blepharoconjunctivitis [blepharoconjunctivitis < blepharitis + conjunctivitis] - combination of blepharitis and conjunctivitis
Blepharoplasty [blepharoplastica < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. plastike "sculpture"] - surgical operation of lid restoration in congenital malformations, its tissue defects of different origin or in scar deformations
Blepharoplegia [blepharoplegia < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. plege "blow"] - eyelid paralysis, caused by the combination of the paralysis of the upper lid levator muscle and palpebral part of the orbicularis muscle
Blepharoptosis [blepharoptosis < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. ptosis "fall, lowering"] -see Ptosis
Blepharorrhaphy [blepharorrhaphia < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. rhaphe "suture"], syn. tarsorraphy - surgical operation of temporary or constant, partial or total lid fissure closing
Blepharospasm [blepharospasmus < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. spasmos "spasm, cramp"], syn. eye closure reflex, eye lid closure reflex, spasmodic winking - spasm of the palpebral part of the eye orbicularis muscle
Blepharostate [gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. statos "standing, established"], syn. speculum - eye lid widening instrument
Blepharotome [blepharotome < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. tome "discission, cutting"] - instrument for the cutting of lateral lid commissure
Cataract/ С /39
Blepharotomy [blepharotomia < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. tome "discission, cutting"], syn. blepharostomy - surgical operation of cutting of the eye lid commissure, more commonly lateral one
Blepharophimosis [blepharophimosis < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. phimosis "closing, narrowing of the opening"] - decreasing of the width (shortening) of the lid fissure, usually caused by the knitting of the lid margins at the eye lateral angle
Blepharochalasis [blepharochalasis < gr. blepharon "eye lid" + gr. chalasis "weakening"], syn. false ptosis - bilateral atrophy of the upper lids skin
Buphthalmos [buphthalmus <gr. bus "bull"+gr. ophthalmos "eye"] - extreme stage of hydrophthalmos
С
Campimeter [< lat. campus visionis "visual field" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - device for the visual field examination by the campimetry
Campimetry [< lat. campus visionis "visual field" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - method of the visual field examination on the plane
Canaliculitis [canaliculus < lat. canaliculus lacrimalis "lacrimal canaliculus" + - itis], syn. dacryocanaliculitis- inflammation of the lacrimal canaliculus
Canaliculorhinostomy [canaliculorhinostomia < lat. canaliculus lacrimalis "lacrimal canaliculus" + gr. rhis, rhinos "nose" + gr. stoma "opening"] - surgical operation: making anastomosis between lacrimal canaliculus and nasal cavity
Canthoplasty [canthoplastica < lat. canthus < gr. kanthos "angle of the lid fissura"+ gr. plastike "sculpture"] - surgical plastic operation: lengthening and widening of the lid fissura
Canthotomy [canthotomia < lat. canthus < gr. kanthos "angle of the lid fissura"+gr. tome "discission, cutting"] - surgical operation: cutting of the eye-lid lateral commissure
Capsulectomy [capsulectomia < capsule (of the lens) + gr. ectome "cutting out"] -1) excision of the anterior layer of the lens capsule in the extracapsular cataract extraction; 2) cutting out the whole capsular bag
Capsulophacopunctura (laser) [< capsule (of the lens) + gr. phakos "lens" + lat. pungo, punctum "to prick, to thrust"] - disruption of the anterior part of the lens capsule with the laser
Capsulorrhexis [capsulorrhexis < capsule (of the lens) + gr. rrhexis "break, breaking up, destruction, rapture"] - a round opening in the anterior layer of the lens capsule, performed by insulin needle or special forceps; mainly used in phaco- and laseremulsification of the cataract
Capsulotomy [capsulotomia < capsule (of the lens) + gr. tome "discission, cutting"] - cutting of the anterior layer of the lens capsule in the cataract extraction with the special microsurgical instruments (capsulotome, cyctotome or knife) or with the laser
Carunculitis [carunculitis < to.caruncula "a piece of meat", diminutive from lat. caro "meat"+-itis] - purulent inflammation of the lacrimal caruncle
Cataract [cataracta <gr. katarrhaktes "falling downwards, waterfall"] - eye disease, which has the main features as partial or total lens opacification
40 / С / Cataphoria
Cataphoria [kataphoria < gr. kata- prefix, meaning of "from above' to downwards movement" + gr. phoros "cairying"] — heterophoria type with tendency to simultaneous turn of the both eyes downwards
ChaIaz(s)ion [chalazion < gr. chalaza "small knot, callosity"], syn. eye sty, sty - small knot in the tarsal plate of the lid, caused by chronic proliferative inflammation of the tarsal glands (Meibomian glands)
Chalkosis [chalkosis < gr. chalkos "cooper"] - cooper particles deposition in the eye tissues
Chemosis [chemosis < gr. cheme "hiatus, hole"] - eye globe conjunctiva edema Chioropsia [chloropsia < gr. chloros "greenish-yellow, light green" + gr. opsis "vision"] - visual perception disorder, in which all visible images seem to be green
Choroid [anat. chorioidea < from gr. chorioedes "like skin, like coat"] - posterior part of the uveal tract
Chorioderemia [chorioderemia < choroid +gr. eremia "absence"], syn. progressing horoidal atrophy - hereditary eye disease, manifesting with the complex of the functional and ophthalmoscopic changes
Choroiditis [chorioiditis < choroid + -itis], syn. posterior uveitis - inflammation of the posterior part of the uveal tract
Choroidectomy [chorioidectomia < choroid + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: excision ofthe choroid part
Chorioretinitis [chorioretinitis < anat. chorio- + anat. retina + -itis], syn. retinochoroiditis - combined inflammation of the retina and choroid
Chorioretinopathy [chorioretinopathia < anat. chorio- + anat. retina + gr. pathos "suffering, disease"] - general name of some noninflammatory retinal and choroidal lesions
Chromatopsia [chromatopsia < gr. chroma, chromatos "color, stain" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. color vision, color perception - vision with ability to differ the colours ofthe observed objects
Chromophobia [chromophobia < gr. chroma, chromatos "color, stain" + gr. phobos "fear, dread"], syn. chromatophobia, chlolor-fear - obtrusive fear of some colour or coloured objects
Coloboma [coloboma < gr. koloboma "amputated, breaking off part"] - general name of some congenital (rare acquired) defects of the eye tissues: eye-lid margin, iris, lens, choroid, retina, optic nerve
Conjunctiva [tunica conjunctiva, PNA, JNA; conjunctiva, BNA < lat. conjunctivus "connective"], syn. connective coat of the eye-globe - external coat of the eye-globe, consisting of epithelial layer and connective base
Conjunctivitis [conjunctivitis < anat. conjunctiva + -itis] - inflammation of the conjunctiva
Conjunctivorhinostomy [conjunctivorhinostomia < anat. conjunctiva + gr. rhis, rhinos "nose" + gr. stoma "opening"] - surgical operation: making anastomosis between the conjuctival sac and nasal cavity
Conjunctivotomy [conjunctivotomia < anat. conjunctiva + gr. tome "cutting, discission"] - cutting of the conjunctiva with therapeutic aim
Convergence (in ophthalmology) [< lat. convergere "to converge, to draw together"] - convergence of the visual axes ofthe both eyes on the fixed object
Cylindrosciascopy / С / 41
Convergencetrainer [<convergence + trainer] - ophthalmologic device for the revealing of the convergence disorders and convergence development (training)
Coordimetry ^coordination + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - method of the examination of the eye motility
Cryoextractor [<gr. kryos "cold, frost" + gr. extraho, extractum "to extract, to remove"], syn. cryoprobe - cryosurgical instrument for the intracapsular extraction of the cataract
Cryoextraction of the cataract [cryoextractio cataractae < gr. kryos "cold, frost" + extraction], syn. cryophakia - modification of the intracapsular extraction, based on the freezing of the special instrument tip to the lens anterior surface with the following removing of the lens
Cryopexia [cryopexia < gr. kryos "cold, frost" + gr. pexis "attachment, fastening"], syn. cryoretinopexia, cryothermy - surgical operation: conjunction of the retina and uveal tract by the action of the cold on the corresponding parts of the sclera
Cryptophthalmus [cryptophthalmus < gr. kiyptos "hidden, misterious, secret" + gr. ophthalmos "eye"], syn. cryoptophthalmia - congenital maldevelopment of the eye-globe, eye-lids and lid fissure
Cyanopsia [cyanopsia < gr. kyanos "dark blue" + gropsis "vision"] — visual perception disorder, in which all visible images seem to be bluish
Cyclectomy [cyclectomia < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: excision of the ciliary body part
CycUtis [cyclitis < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + -itis] - inflammation of the ciliary body of the eye-globe
Cyclogoniotomy [cyclogoniotomia <gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" +gr. gonia "angle" + gr. tome "cutting, discission"] - surgical operation: discission of irido-corneal angle of the anterior chamber in the trabecular meshwork region
Cyclodialysis [cyclodialysis < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + gr. dialysis "division, separation"] - surgical operation: detachment of ciliary body from the sclera
Cyclodiathermy [cyclodiathermia < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + diathermia] - diathermocoagulation of the sclera in the ciliary body region
Cyclopia [cyclopia < gr. Kyklops - mythical single-eye giant], syn. cyclocephalia - developmental malformation: presence only one eye, located on the face middle line
Cyclophoria [cyclophoria < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + gr. phoros "carrying"] - heterophoria with tendency to the eye globe turning around sagittal axis
Cyclotropia [cyclotropia < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + gr. tropos "turn, direction"] - tendency to the eye globe turning around sagittal axis in concomitant squint
Cycloplegia [cycloplegia < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + gr. plege "blow"] - accommodative paralysis (plegia)
Cyclospasm [cyclospasmus < gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + gr. spasmos "spasm, cramp"] - accomodative spasm
Cylindrosciascopy [cylindrosciaskopia < gr. cylinder "cylindrical" +gr. skia "shade, shadow" + gr. skopeo "to see, to observe"] - astigmatic eye refraction examination method, in which sciascopy is combined with using of the spherical and cylindrical lenses
42 / D / Dacryoadenitis
D
Dacryoadenitis [dacryoadenitis < gr. dacryon "tear" + gr. aden "gland" + -itis] - inflammation of the lacrimal gland
Dacryops [dacryops < gr. dacryon "tear" + gr. ops, opos "eye"] - retention cyst, developing in the lacrimal gland or in its excretory duct
Dacryostenosis [dacryostenosis < gr. dacryon "tear" + gr. stenosis "narrowing"] - narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct
Dacryocyst(o)-[dacryocyst(o)- < gr. dacryon "tear" + gr. kystis "bludder, sac"] - component of the complex words, meaning "related to lacrimal sac"
Dacryocystitis [dacryocystitis < dacryocyst- + -itis] - inflammation of the lacrimal
sac
Dacryocystography [dacryocystographia < dacryocysto- + gr. grapho "to write, to image"] - radiography of the lacrimal ways after their dye contrasting
Dacryocystorhinostomy [dacryocysorhinostomia < dacryocysto- + gr. rhis, rhinos "nose"+gr. stoma "opening"] - surgical operation: making anastomosis between lacrimal sac and nasal cavity for the restoration of the lacrimal passage into nasal cavity
Dacryocystoethmoidstomy [dacryocystoethmoidstomia < dacryocysto- + anat. os ethmoidale + gr. stoma "opening"] - dacryocystorhinostomy modification with partial extraction of the ethmoidal labyrinth, which resists anastomosis making
Dacryocystectomy [dacryocystectomia < dacryocyst- + gr. ectome "cutting out"], syn. extirpation of the lacrimal sac - surgical operation: extraction of the lacrimal sac
Daltonism [daltonismus < from name J. Dalton (1766-1844), English physicist and chemist] - color vision disorder, characterized by inability to differ red and green colours
Descemetocele [descemetocele < anat. Descemet's membrane + gr. kele "lump, swelling, tumour"], syn. keratocele - prominence of the corneal posterior basement membrane, which is present in total damage of all rest corneal layers
Descemetopexy [descemetopexia < anat. obs. membrana Descemeti (Descemet's coat, new posterior basement membrane) + gr. pexis "fixing, fastening"] - surgical operation of restoration of corneal posterior basement membrane in its lesions
Deuteranomaly [deuteranomalia < gr. deuteros "second" + anomaly] - form of the color vision disorder, when an ability of the green colour perception is weakened
Deuteranopsia [deuteranopsia < gr. deuteros "second" + gr. an- prefix, meaning absence + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. achloropsia (obs.) - form of the color vision disorder, when an ability of the green colour perception is absent
Dextrocyclophoria [dextrocyclophoria < lat. dexter "right" + cyclophoria] - type of heterophoria, in which tendency to simultaneous turning of both eyes around sagittal axis to the right is present
Dextrophoria [dextrophoria < lat. dexter "right" + gr. phoros "carrying"] - type of heterophoria, in which tendency to simultaneous turning of both eyes to the right side is present
Diaphanogonioscopy [diaphanogonioscopia < gr. diaphanes "transparent, translucent" + gonioscopia] - visual examination method of irido-corneal angle of anterior chamber; the method consists of diaphanoscopy and gonioscopy
Diaphanoscope [diaphanoscopus < gr. diaphanes "transparent, translucent" + gr.
Ectropion / E / 43
skopeo "to see, to examine"] - instrument for diaphanoscopy
Diaphanoscopy [diaphanoscopia < gr. diaphanes "transparent, translucent" + gr. skopeo "to see, to examine"], syn. eye transillumination - eye examination method, which is provided by the eye transillumination with narrow bundle of the light
Dichromasia [dichromasia < gr. di- "bi-, twice" + gr. chroma, chromatos "color, stain"] - hereditary color vision disorder, in which the function of one from the three color-sensitive photoreceptors is absent
Dioptrics [dioptrica < gr. dioptrikos "connected with optical instruments and measurments"] - totality of the optic abilities of the eye refracting media
Diopter [dioptria (gr.)] ~ unit of the refractive power measurment of the optic system; one diopter is the power of the convergent lens to focus parallel rays at its focal point lm bechind the lens
Dioptrimeter [dioptri- + gr. metreo "to measure, to determine"], syn. lensmeter - instrument for the measurement of the main optical characteristics of the glasses lenses
Diplopia [diplopia < gr. diploos "double" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. double vision - vision disorder, in which observed obj ect is as a double one
Diploptics [diploptica < diplo- +gr. optikos "connected with vision"] - concomitant strabismus therapy system, which is directed to the restoration of the autoregulating mechanism of bifixation, which is a base of the normal binocular vision
Diploscope [diplo- + gr. skopeo "to see, to observe"] - instrument for the binocular vision examination and treatment of stabismus
Distichiasis [distichiasis < gr. di- "bi-, twice" + gr. stichos "row, line" + gr. -iasis "pathological process, disease"], syn. doubled eyelashes - development anomaly :presence of the second eyelashes row at the posterior margin of the eyelid
Divergence of the eyes [divergentia < lat. divergere " to discover of divergence"] - divergence of the right and left eyes visual axes
Drift [< dutch drijven "swim"] - in ophthalmology: relatively slow eye movement like "sliding down" from setting direction
Dychromatopsia [dychromatopsia < gr. dys- prefix, meaning "deviation from normal condition" + gr. chroma, chromatos "color, stain" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"] - hereditary color vision disorder
Dyscoria [dyscoria < gr. dys- prefix, meaning "deviation from normal condition" + gr. kore "pupil"] - pupil shape disorder
E
Echoophthalmegrapfa [< gr. echo "echo" + ophthalmograph], syn. opthalmological ultrasound locator, ultrasound ophthalmograph - a device for the eye linear sizes measurement and discovering of the intraocular tumors or foreign bodies by the ultrasound echography method
Ectopia of pupil [ectopia pupillae <gr. ektopios "remoted far from the place"], syn. korectopia - pupil deflextion from its normal place in the center of the iris; E.p. may be a result of development anomaly, eye trauma and surgical operation
Ectropion [ectropion < gr. ektrepo "to turn out, to unscrew"] - in ophthalmology:
44/Б / Elastotonometry
lower eyelid falling away from the eye globe
Elastotonometry [elastotonometria < gr. elastos "glutinous, viscous, viscid" + tonometry] - method of the glaucoma diagnosis, which consists in consequent influence on the eye globe by the tonometers of increasing weight
Electrooculography [< electro- + lat. oculus "eye"+ gr. grapho "to write"] - method of the examination of 1) the extraocular muscles function or 2) the functional condition of external retinal layers; the method consists in graphical registration of eye biopotentials during its movements
Electroophthalmia [electroophthalmia < electro- + gr. ophthalmos "eye"], syn. electrical ophthalmia - photoophthalmia, caused by the radiation of the electrical sources of the light (including ultraviolet radiation)
Electroretinography [electroretinography < electro- + anat. retina + gr. grapho "to write"] - method of examination of the retina functional condition, based on the biopotential registration, arising in the retina during light irritation
Electrotonograph [electrotonograph < electro- +gr. tonos "tension"+gr. grapho "to write, to image"], syn. tonograph - an electromechanical instrument for the graphical registration of the intraocular pressure changes
Electrotonography [electrotonographia < electro- + gr. tonos "tension" +gr. grapho "to write, to image"] - type of tonography, in which a persistent registration of the intraocular pressure changes is provided by the electrotonograph
Embryotoxon [embryotoxon < gr. embryon "embryo, fetus" + gr. toxon "arch, bow"] - congenital opacification of the corneal peripheral parts
Emmetropia [emmetropia <gr. emmetros "proportional"+gr. ops, opos "eye"], syn. emmetropic refraction of the eye - eye refraction, in which a position of the posterior main focal point of the optical system coincides with the retina
Endophthalmitis [endophthalmitis < gr. endo, endon "in, inside" + gr. ophthalmos "eye"] - purulent inflammation of the internal coats of the eye globe
Enophthalmus [enophthalmus < gr. en- "being inside, in the defined limits"], syn. enophthalmos - deeper than normal position of the eye globe in the orbit
Entoptic phenomenon [<gr. entos "inside"+gr. optikos "connected with vision"] - visual perception opaque objects, situated in the eye optic media and on the eye fundus
Entropion [entropion < gr. en- "being inside, in the defined limits" + gr. tropos "turn(ing), direction"] - eyelid turning in
Enucleation [enucleatio oculi < lat. enucleo, enucleatum "removing of the nucleus"] - surgical operation: removing of the eye globe
Epicanthus [epicanthus < gr. epi- "situation above something" + lat. canthus, gr. kanthos "angle"] - vertical skin fold of the lid, covering medial angle of the lid fissure (inner canthus)
Epikeratophakia [epikeratophakia < gr. epi- "situation above something" + keratophakia] - refractive surgical operation, in which a lens from the donor cornea is sutured to the central surface of the recipient cornea
Epiphora [epiphora < gr. epi- "situation above something" +gr. phora "flow, influx, charge"], syn. retention tearing - tearing, caused by the decreasing of tear outflow
Episcleritis [episcleritis <gr. epi-"situation above something"+gr. anat. sclera]-an inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera
Epitarsus [epitarsus < gr. epi- "situation above something" + gr. anat. tarsus
Extraction of the cataract / E / 45
palpebrae "lid tarsus"] - development anomaly: duplication of the eye globe conjunctiva between its transitional (forniceal) fold and the upper eyelid tarsus
Erysiphake [< gr. erysis "stretching out, extracting" + gr. phacos "lentil"] - instrument for the intracapsular extraction of the cataract
Erythropsia [erythropsia < gr. erythros "red" + gr. opsis "vision"] - visual perception disorder, when the patient sees all images dyed in the reddish colour
Esophoria [esophoria <gr. eiso, eso "inside"phoros "carrying"] -heterophoria, which is characterized by the tendency of the inside deviation of the eye
Esotropia [esotropia <gr. eiso, eso "inside" + gr. tropos "turn(ing), direction"], syn. convergent strabismus (squint) - a squint with the inside deviation of the eye
Eversion of the lacrimal punctum [eversio puncti lacrimalis < lat. eversio "unscrewing, overturning"] - eversion of the lower lacrimal point
Evisceration of the eye [evisceratio oculi < lat. eviscero "to extract of the interiors"], syn. exenteration of the eye - surgical operation: the extraction of the all internal contents of the eye globe with keeping of the sclera
Excavation of the optic disc [excavatio disci nervi optici < lat. excavatio "hollow"], syn. physiological cup - a depression in the optic disc, observed by the ophthalmoscopy
Excyclophoria [exscyclophoria < lat. ex "from, out, out of' + cyclophoria] - heterophoria with tendency to the eye globe turning outside and around sagittal axis
Excyclotropia [exscyclotropia < lat. ex "from, out, out of' + cyclotropia] - concomitant squint with tendency to the eye globe turning ou tside and around sagittal axis
Exenteration of the orbit [exenteratio orbitae] - surgical operation: an extraction of the orbital contents
Exfoliation pseudocapsiilar [< lat. exfoliatio pseudocapsularis < lat. ex "from, out, out of' + lat. follium "leaf'], syn. pseudoexfoliation - flake-like deposits formation on the anterior capsule of the lens and other structures of the anterior segment of the eye
Exophoria [exophoria < gr. exo "out of, outside" + gr. phoros "carrying"] - heterophoria with the tendency to the outside deviation of the eye
Exophthalmos [exophthalmus < gr. exo "out of, outside" + gr. ophthalmos "eye"], syn. exophthalmus, eye bulging-a forward displacement of the eye globe from the orbit
Exophthalmometer [exophthalmos + gr. metreo "to measure, to determine"] - instrument for the measurement of corneal prominence (in mm) from the external orbital margin
Exophthalmometry [exophthalmometria < exophthalmos + gr. metreo "to measure, to determine"] - an eye globe displacement degree measurement to examine the exophthalmos dynamics
Exotropia [exotropia <gr. exo "out of, outside" + gr. tropos "turn(ing), direction"], syn. divergent strasismus (squint) - a squint with the outside deviation of the eye
Extraction of the cataract [extractio cataractae < lat. extrahere "to extract, to stretch out"] - surgical operation: removal of the crystalline lens in cataract (intracapsular removal in the capsule in toto, including the capsule; extracapsular removal from the capsular bag, the posterior capsule remains intact)
46 / F / Fusiometer
F
Fusiometer [< lat. fusio "smelting, alloying" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"], syn. gauge of CFF - electronical device for the effecting on the eye with light signals of the setting frequency to determine CFF (critical fusion frequency)
Fusion fields (syn. Panum fields) - symmetrical zones of the retina of both eyes, simultaneous exitement of which evokes a fusion effect
Fusion [fusio < lat. fusio "smelting, alloying"] - in ophthalmology: physiological process of the fusion of the two monocular images on the retina of the right and left eyes in the single visual image
Fundus-camera [lat. anat. fundus oculi "eye fundus" + camera] - a device for the photographing and fluorescein angiography of the eye fundus
G
Gerontoxon [< gr. geron "old man"+gr. toxon "arch, blow"] - see Arcus (corneae) senilis
Glaucoma [glaucoma < gr. glaukoma < glaukos "blue-green"] - eye disease, in which high intraocular pressure develops trophic disorders in the retina and optic nerve, resulting in the decreasing of the visual functions
Goniobiomicroscopy [gr. gonia "angle" + biomicroscopy], syn. microgonioscopy - examination method of the irido-comeal angle (angle of anterior chamber) by combination of the goniocsope and slit lamp
Goniopunctura [goniopunctura < gonio- + lat. pungo, punctum "to prick, to thrust"] - surgical operation: perforation of the external eye coats in the irido-comeal region to improve the aqueos outflow; is used in congenital and juvenile glaucoma
Gonioscope [gonio- + gr. skopeo "to see, to observe"] - optical device for the examination of the irido-corneal angle of the eye (angle of the anterior chamber)
Gonioscopy [gonioscopia < gonio- + gr. skopeo "to observe, to see"] - method of the examination of the irido-corneal angle of the eye (angle of the anterior chamber) by the gonioscope
Goniosynechiae [goniosynechiae < gonio- + gr. synechia "coupling, junction"] - adhesion in the irido-corneal angle of the eye between the root of the iris and cornea
Goniotome [gonio- + gr. tome "discission, cutting"] - surgical knife for the operations in the irido-corneal angle (angle of the anterior chamber)
Goniotomy [gonio- + gr. tome "discission, cutting"] - surgical operation: discission of the adhesions in the irido-corneal angle (angle of the anterior chamber) to improve the aqueous outflow through the canal of Schlemm; is used in the congenital glaucoma
Gonoblennorrhoea [gonoblennorrhoea < gr. gonos "family" + blennorrhoea] -blennorrhoea, which is caused by the gonococci
Hypertelorismus/Н / 47
H
Haematocornea [haematocornea < gr. haima, haimatos "blood" + lat.anat. cornea]
blood imbibition of the cornea, observed in the total hyphema
Hemeralopia [hemeralopia < gr. hemera "day"+gr.alaos "blind" + ops, opos "eye"]
sharp aggravation of the vision in the condition of the decreased luminosity, which is caused by disorder of the retina rods function'
Hemianopsia [hemianopsia < gr. hemi- "half, one-sided, unilateral" + < gr. an- prefix, meaning absence + gr. opsis "vision"], syn. hemianopia, hemiablepsia, half vision
visual field defect, which is localized in the one half of the visual field of each eye
Hemichromatopsia [hemichromatopsia < hemi- "half, one-sided, unilateral" + gr. chroma, chromatos "color, stain" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. hemiachromatopsia
relative hemianopsia, in wich visual field defect can be detected only according color vision
Hemophthalmus [haemophthalmus < gr. haima, haimatos "blood" + gr. ophthalmos "eye"], syn. h(ae)mophthalmos, hemophthalmia - a hemorrhage into the eye globe cavity (into the vitreous body)
Heterochromia of the iris [heterochromia < gr. heteros "different, another, other" + gr. chroma, chromatos "colour, stain"], syn. heteroophthalmus - different colour of the iris of the left and right eyes or diverse colour of the different parts of the iris of the one eye
Heterophoria [heterophoria < gr. heteros "different, another, other" + gr. phoros "carrying"], syn. hidden squint - deviation of the eye globes from correct (symmetrical) position with preservation of the conditions for the binocular vision, which in the evident squint is absent in comparison with H.
Heterotropia [heterotropia < gr. heteros "different, another, other" + gr. trope "direction, turn"], syn. squint, strabismus - deviation of the visual axis of one eye from the joint fixation point
Hippus [hippus <gr. hippos "horse", an association with the horse gallop] - fit-like rhythmical narrowing and dilatation of the both pupils with duration of few seconds, which does not depend on the external influences. H. is a symptom of some diseases of CNS
Hordeolum [hordeolum < lat. hordeolum (from lat. hordeum) "small grain of the barley"] syn. sty, stye - acute purulent inflammation of the Zeiss exocrine or Moll apocrine glands at the lid margin
Hyal- [hyalo- <gr. hyalos "glass"] - composite part (component) of the complex words, meaning vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
Hydrophthalmus [hydrophthalmus < gr. hydor "water, liquid" + gr. ophthalmos "eye"], syn. hydrophthalmos, hydrophthalmia, eye hydrops - stretching and bulging of the eye globe, which develops in congenital glaucoma
Hypermetropia [hypermetropia <gr. hyper-metros "excessive" + ops, opos "eye"], syn. hyperopia, farsightedness, long-sight, long-sightedness - eye refraction error, in which the main focal point of the optical system is behind the retina
Hyperphoria [hyperphoria < gr. hyper "above, over" + (hetero-) + phoria] - heterophoria type, in which tendency to the upward deviation of the eye is present
Hypertelorismus [hypertelorismus < gr. hyper "above, over" + gr. tele "far (off)" + gr. horismos "demarcation, separation"] - abnormal large distance between some paired
'Some authors have opposite opinion about the meaning of this term (see Nictalopia).
48/Н/ Hypertension
organs, more often between eyes
Hypertension of the eye [hypertensio oculi < gr. hyper "above, over" + lat. tensio "strain, tension"], syn. ophthalmohypertension - transient rising of the intraocular pressure, when differential diagnosis with glaucoma is necessary
Hypertropia [hypertropia < gr. hyper "above, over" + gr. trope "direction, turn"] - vertical squint, in which squinting eye deviates upwards
Hyphema [hyphaema <gv:hypo- "down, under" + gr.haima "blood"] - hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye globe
Hypophoria [hypophoria < gr. hypo- "below, downstairs, downwards, under" + (hetero-+ phoria] - heterophoria type, in which tendency to the downward deviation of the eye is present
Hypopyon [hypopyon <gr. hypo- "below, downstairs, downwards, under" +gr. pyon "pus"] - an accumulation of the pus in the eye anterior chamber
Hyposhagma [< gr. hyposphagma], syn. haemophthalmus externus - hemorrhage under the eye globe conjuctiva
Hypotropia [hypotropia < gr. hypo- "below, downstairs, downwards, under" + gr. trope "direction, turn"] - vertical squint, in which squinting eye deviates downwards
Horopter [horopter < gr. horos "border, boundary" + gr. opter "an observer"] - a totality of the space points, which images are projected (fall upon) to the corresponding retinal points in the condition of the exact binocular fixation
I
Incyclophoria [incyclophoria < lat. in- "action, which is directed inside" + cyclophoria] - heterophoria type with the tendency to turn the eye inside of sagittal axis
Incyclotropia [incyclotropia < lat. in- "action, which is directed inside" + cyclotropia] - deflextion from the vertical meridian of cornea in concomitant squint
Iridectomy [iridectomia < gr. iris, iridos "rainbow" + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: an excision of the iris portion
Iridencleisis [iridencleisis < gr. iris, iridos "rainbow, bright colored circle" + gr. enkleio "to enclose, to lock (up)"] — surgical operation in glaucoma: subconjunctival pinching of the iris in the scleral wound to form the way for the passage of the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctival space
Iridocapsulotomy [iridocapsulotomia < irido- + anat. capsula lentis "lens capsule" +gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: cutting of the iris and adhered to it posterior surface lens capsule to form artificial cleft-like pupil in iris occlusion after complicated extraction of the cataract
Iridocapsulectomy [iridocapsulectomia < irido-+ anat. capsula lentis "lens capcule" + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: excision of the iris portion together with remnants of the lens capsule to form artificial pupil in iris occlusion of the pupil after complicated extraction of the cataract
Iridocele [iridocele < irido- + gr. kele "bulging, prominence"] - bulging of the iris portion via corneal defect (more frequently in the perforation of the corneal ulcer)
Iridochoroiditis [iridochorioiditis < irido- + anat. chorioidea "choroid" + -itis] -
Isocoria /I /49
combined inflammation of the iris and choroid of the eye
Iridochromoscopy [irido- + gr. chroma "colour, stain" + gr. skopeo "to examine, to see"] - iris byomicroscopy (slit lamp examination) in the specific colour light
Iridocoloboma [iridocoloboma< irido- + gr. coloboma "dificient part"] - congenital or rare acquired defect (coloboma) of the iris
Iridocyclectomy [iridocyclectomia < gr. iris, iridos "rainbow" + gr.kyklos "cycle, circle" + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: an excision of the portions of the iris and ciliary body, which are damaged with the malignant tumor
Iridocyclitis [iridocyclitis < gr. iris, iridos "rainbow" + gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + -itis], syn. anterior uveitis - an inflammation of the iris and ciliary body
Iridocyclochoroiditis [iridocyclochorioiditis < gr. iris, iridos "rainbow" + gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + anat. chorioidea + -itis]-,see Uveitis
Iridocycloretraction [iridocycloretractio < gr. iris, iridos "rainbow" + gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + lat. retractio "deffering, delaying"] - surgical operation in glaucoma: introducing of two strips of the sclera between the iris root and trabecular meshwork region; is directed to improve the aqueous outflow
Iridocyclosclerectomia [iridocyclosclerectomia < gr. iris, iridos "rainbow" + gr. kyklos "cycle, circle" + anat. sclera + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: an excision of the portions of the iris, ciliary body and sclera, which are damaged with the malignant tumor
Iridodialysis [iridodialysis < irido- + gr. dialysis "division, separating"] - partial estrangement of the iris from the ciliary body, which evokes in the eye trauma
Iridodonesis [iridodonesis < irido- + gr. donesis "fluctuation, tremble"] - iris trembling in sharp eye movements, observed in aphakia, subluxation or luxation of the lens Iridoplegia [iridoplegia < irido- + gr. plege "blow"], syn. iridoparalysis - paralysis of the iris sphincter as a constant maximal dilatation
Iridoschisis [iridoschisis <gr. iris, iridos "rainbow" + gr. schisis "splintering, splitting"] - pathological splitting of the iris tissue
Iridosclerectomy [iridosclerectomia < irido- + anat. sclera + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: excision of the iris portion and sclera; is used in glaucoma to form of the way of the aqueous humor outflow from the anterior chamber under conjunctiva
Iridosclerotomy [iridosclerotomia < irido- + anat. sclera + gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation of the simultaneous dissection of the sclera and iris near its root; is used in glaucoma
Iridoscopy [irido- + gr. skopeo "to see, to examine"] - iris byomicroscopy (slit lamp examination)
Iridotomy [iridotomia < irido- + gr. tome "cut, section"] — surgical operation: discission of the iris; is used to form the artificial pupil and for the approach to the lens in the cataract extraction
Iris bombe [anat. iris + fr. bombe "bulging, prominent"], syn. "bombed" iris - iris anterior bulging, developing in the presence of the adherence between the lens and pupillary margin of the iris and in seclusio pupillae (exclusion of the pupil)
Iritis [iritis < anat. iris + -itis] - an inflammation of the iris; as a rule is associated with the inflammation of the ciliary body (iridocyclitis)
Isocoria [isocoria < gr. isos "equal" + gr. kore "pupil"] - an equality of the pupils
50 / I / Isometropia
diameters of the right and left eyes
Isometropia [isometropia < gr. isos "equal" + gr. metron "measure" + gi: ops, opos "eye"] - an absence of the differences in the refraction of the right and left eyes
Isoptera [isoptera <gr. isos "equal" +gr. opter "an observer, a looking man"] - a line, connecting all the points on the visual field scheme, corresponding to the retinal zones with the equal light sensibility
К
Keratectomy [keratectomia < gr. keras, keratos "horn, substance of the horn" + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - refractive surgical operation, used for the refractive power changing of the cornea as result of decreasing of its thickness
Keratitis [keratitis < gr. keras, keratos "horn, substance of the horn" + -itis] - an inflammation of the cornea
Keratocele [keratocele < gr. keras, keratos "horn, substance of the horn" + gr. kele "lump, swelling, tumour"] -seeBescemetocele
Keratoconjunctivitis [keratoconjunctivitis < kerato- + anat. conjunctiva + -itis] - a combined inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva
Keratoconus [keratoconus < kerato- + gr. konos "cone"], syn. conical cornea - pathological change of the cornea, in which its surface has conical form with the top, directed forward
Keratoectasia [keratoectasia < kerato- + gr. ektasis "widening"] - bulging of the thinning parts of the cornea
Keratoglobus [keratoglobus < gr. keras, keratos "horn, substance of the horn" + lat. globus "ball"] - pathological change of the cornea, in which its anterior surface has a balllike prominence
Keratoiritis [keratoiritis < kerato- + anat. iris + -itis] - a combined inflammation of the cornea and iris
Keratomalacia [keratomalacia < kerato- + gr. malakia "softness"], syn. melting of the cornae - disruption of the cornea with formation of the spacious ulcers, observing in vitamin A deficiency, usually in babies in the dystrophy course
Keratometer [kerato- + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"], syn. astigmoophthalmometer - a device for the measurement of the curvature radius of the anterior surface of the cornea in different meridians
Keratomileusis [keratomileusis < kerato- + gr. smileusis "carving"] - refractive keratoplasty type in myopia, consisting in decreasing of the refractive power of the cornea by the using of the special-made autograft
Keratophakia [keratophakia < kerato- + gr. phakos "lentil, lens"] - refractive keratoplasty type, in which a graft has lens-shaped form
Keratopathy [keratopathia < kerato- + gr. pathos "disease, suffering"] - common name of some corneal lesions (more commonly of dystrophic type) with loss of the corneal transparency
Keratoplasty [keratoplastica < kerato- + plasty], syn. transplantation of the cornea - plastic operation, consisting in the replacement of the pathologically changed cornea or its
Lensectomy / L / 51
part by the graft
Keratoprosthesis [< kerato- + prosthesis], syn. penetrating keratoprosthesis - method of the increasing of the visual acuity in leukomas by the implantation of the keratoprosthesis
Keratoscleritls [keratoscleritis < kerato- + anat. sclera + -itis] - a combined inflammation of the cornea and sclera
Keratosclerouveitis [keratosclerouveitis < kerato- + anat. sclera + anat. obs. uvea "uveal tract of the eye-globe" + -itis] - a combined inflammation of the cornea, sclera and uveal tract of the eye-globe
Keratoseope [kerato- + gr. skopeo "to see, to examine"] - a device for the examination of the shape and curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea
Keratoscopy [kerato- + gr. skopeo "to see, to examine"] - a method of the examination of the shape and curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea
Keratotomy [keratotomia < kerato- + gr. tome "cutting, discission"] - 1) discission of the cornea; 2) refractive surgical operation, directed to change cornea curvature
Keratotoras [keratotorus < kerato- + lat. torus "bolster, prominence"] - rare occurring congenital toric shape of the cornea
Keratouveitis [keratouveitis < kerato- + anat.obs. uvea "uveal tract of the eye- globe" + -itis] - a associated inflammation of the cornea and uveal tract of the eye-globe
Korectopia [korectopia < gr. kore "pupil" + gr. ektopios "remoted from his place"], syn. ectopia of the pupil - displecement of the pupil from normal position in the center of the iris
Korepraxia [korepraxia < gr. kore "pupil" + gr. praxis "act, action, deed"] - surgical operation: making the pupil opening (in particular, by the laser)
Koretraction [koretractia < gr. kore "pupil" + lat. tractio "draught, traction"] - surgical operation: displacement of the pupil (in particular, with the laser)
L
Lagophthalmus [lagophthalmus < gr. lagoos "hare" + g^ophthalmos "eye"], syn. hare's eye, lagophthalmia - incomplete closing of the eye lids, accompanied by the dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva
Lacodacryocystorhinostomy [lacodacryocystorhinostomia < anat. lacus lacrimalis "lacrimal lake"+gr. dakryon "tear"+gr. kystis "bludder, sac" +gr. rhis, rliinos "nose" +gr. stoma "opening"] - surgical operation: making anastomosis between the lacrimal lake, lacrimal sac and nasal cavity, performed in the occlusion of the lacrimal ways
Laerim(o)-[to. lacrima "tear"] - word, meaning "refered to tears, lacrimal" Lacrimation [lat. lacrimatio "tearing"] - hypersecretory tearing Laevophoria [laevophoria < lat. laevus "left" + gr. phoros "carrying"] - heterophoria type with tendency to the simultaneous deviation of both eyes
Laevocyclophoria [laevocyclophoria < lat. laevus "left" + cyclophoria] - heterophoria type with tendency to the simultaneous turn of both eyes around of the sagittal axis to the left side
Lensectomy [lensectomia < lat. lens, lentis "lens, lentil", anat. "lens" + gr. ectome
52 / L / Lenticonus
"cutting out"] - 1) removing of the lens by the special approaches (via pars plana of the ciliary body or from the vitreous body; 2) refractive surgical operation, in which transparent lens is removed from the eye globe; is used for the correction of the high myopia
Lenticonus [lenticonus<lenti- + gr. konos "cone"]-developmental anomaly: cone- shape prominence of the anterior or posterior surfaces of the lens
Lentiglobus [lentiglobus < lat. lentis "lens, lentil", anat. "lens" + lat. globus "ball"] - developmental anomaly: ball-shape prominence of the anterior or posterior surfaces of the lens
Leptoscleria [leptoscleria < gr. leptos "thin, weak" + anat. sclera], syn. blue sclera's symptom - grayish-blue colour of the scleras: a symptom of some diseases, characterized by sclera thinning
Leukocoria [leukokoria<gK leukos "white"+gr. kore "pupil"]-white colour of the pupil, more often occurs in mature cataract
Leukoma [leukoma < gr. leukoma "something white, wall-eye"] - opacification of the cornea, caused by its scar-like changing
Limbitis [limbitis < anat. limbus (cornea) + -itis] - an inflammation of the limbus, more often of trachomatic origin
Limbus [limbus cornea < lat. limbus "border, edge"] - a part of the cornea, directly adjoining to the sclera
Limbosclerectomy [limbosclerectomia < anat. limbus (cornea) + anat. sclera + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation in glaucoma: excision of the part of the limbus and sclera
M
Macropsia [macropsia<g^ makros "big, long" + gr. opsis "vision"], syn. megalopia, megalopsia-vision disorder, in which objects seems to be bigger, than they are in reality
Maculitis [maculitis < anat. macula lutea retinae "yellow spot of the retina" + -itis] - an inflammation of the retina and choroid of the eye-globe in the yellow spot region
Maculopathy [maculopathia < maculo- + gr. phatos "disease, suffering"] - common name of the yellow spot lesions of noninflammatory origin
Madarosis [madarosis < gr. madarosis "coming out of the hairs, especially on the eye-lids"] - an absence of the lashes, caused by destruction of the hair shafts
Megalocornea [megalocornea < gr. megas (megalu) "big, large" + anat. cornea], syn. macrocornea, giant cornea - developmental anomaly: increasing of the cornea size
Megalopapilla [megalopapilla < gr. megas (megalu) "big, large" + anat. obs. papilla nervi optici "optic disc"] - developmental anomaly: increasing of the optic disc size
Meibomitis [meibomitis < meibomian glands + -itis], syn. blepharadenitis - acute purulent inflammation of the eye-lid tarsal plate gland
Metamorphopsia [metamorphopsia < gr. meta- prefix, meaning "following after something, location between something, interval in the space or in the time, passage from one place or condition into another"+gr. morphe "form, shape" + gr. opsis "vision"], syn. dysmorphia - disorder of the visual perception, characterized by the distortion of the shape
Nystagmoscopy /N /53
and sizes of the visible objects
Microblepharon [microbiepharon < gr. mikros "small" + gr. blepharon "eye-lid"] - developmental anomaly: small vertical size of the eye-lids
Microcornea [microcornea < micro- + anat. cornea] - developmental anomaly: small diameter of the cornea, observed in microphthalmos, rarely independently
Microcycloscopy [< micro- + gr. kyklos "circle"+gr. skopeo "to examine, to see"] - method of examination of the ciliary body region with a gonioscope and a slit lamp
Microphakia [microphakia < micro- + gr. phakos "lens, lentil"] - developmental anomaly: small size of the lens
Microphthalmos [microphthalmus < micro- + gr. ophthalmos "eye"], syn. microphthalmos, ophthalmomicria—developmental anomaly: small size of the eye-globe Micropsia [micropsia < micro- + gr. opsis "vision"] - vision disorder, in which sizes of the seen objects seem to be smaller, than they are in reality
Microzonuloscopy [micro- + zonuloscopy] - method of examination of the ciliary zonule of the eye-globe (orbiculus ciliaris, zonula Zinni) with the help of slit lamp and gonioscope
Miosis [miosis < gr. meiosis "decreasing"] - narrowing (constriction) of the pupil Monochromasia [monochromasia < gr. monos "one" + gr. chroma, chromatos "color, stain"], syn. achromasia, achromatopsia, colour blindness-see Achromatopsia
Muscletrainer [< muscle + trainer] - a device for the training of the extraocular muscles to increase the eye motility
Mydriasis [mydriasis; perhaps < gr. amydros "dark, vague"] - a dilatation of the
pupil
Myopia [myopia < gr. myops "screwing up one's eyes", myo "to close" + gr. ops, opos "eye"], syn. nearsight, nearsightedness, shortsightedness - eye refraction error, in which the main focal point of the optical system is located between the retina and lens
N
Nephelopsia [nephelopsia < gr. nephele "cloud, fog, mist" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"] - blurred vision
Nictalopia [nyctalopia < gr. nyx, nyktos "darkness, night" + gr. alaos "blind" + gr. ops "eye"] - improving of the vision in the lower luminosity; e.g. it was marked in nuclear cataract1
Niphablepsia [niphablepsia < gr. niphas "snow" + a- Greek prefix, meaning negation or absence something + gr. blepsis "vision"] - snow blindness, caused by the sun shining on the snow
Nystagmus [nystagmus < gr. nystagmos "drowsiness", nystazo "doze, drowse"] - involuntary rhythmical movements of the eye-globes
Nystagmography [< nystagmus + gr. grapho "to image, to write"] - method of the nystagmus examination, based on the graphical registration of the eye movements
Nystagmoscopy [< nystagmus + gr. skopeo "to observe, to see"] — method of the nystagmus revealing, based on the observation of the eye-globes movements by the optic devices
'Some authors have opposite opinion about the meaning of this term (see Hemeralopia).
54 / О / Oculometry
О
Oculometry [lat. oculus "eye" + gr. metreo "to measure"] - common name of the methods for the measurement of the eye-globe and its separate structures
Oculomyodynamometry [lat. oculus "eye" + gr. mys, myos "muscle" + dynamometiy] - a dynamometry of the eye-globe external (recti) muscles
Oculepressure [lat. oculus "eye" + lat. pressio "pressure"] - dosed mechanical squeezing of the eye-globe
Oraleechegraphy [lat. oculus "eye" + echography] - eye-globe echograpy (ultrasonography)
Ophthalmochromoscopy [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. chroma "colour, stain" + gr. skopeo "to examine, to see"], syn. spectral ophthalmoscopy- ophthalmoscopy, performed in the coloured light
Ophthalmia [ophthalmia < gr. "eye disease"] - general name of the some inflammatory lesions of the eye
Ophthalmocoagulation [ophthalmocoagulatio < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + coagulation] - a coagulation of the eye tissues by the influence of the high or low temperature or by the cauterizing substances
Ophthalmodynamography [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + dynamography] - a method of the eye hemodynamics investigation, based on the ophthalmic artery pressure measurment by the recording of the arterial eye pulse in the condition of the increasing external pressure to the eye-globe
Ophthalmodynamometry [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + dynamometry], syn. tonoscopy - a method of the eye hemodynamics investigation, based on the ophthalmoscopic observation of the appearing and disappearing of the central retinal artery pulsation in the condition of the increasing external pressure to the eye-globe
Ophthalmohelminthism [ophthalmohelminthosis < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + helminthosis] - helminthism, in which helminth has invaded the eye tissues
Ophthalmoherpes [ophthalmoherpes < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. herpes "creeping, spreading skin disease"] - herpetic lesion of the eye tissues and of the eye adnexa
Ophthalmology [ophthalmologia < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. logos "doctrine, science"] - a region of the clinical medicine, studying etiology, pathogenesis and clinical course of the visual disorders and eye diseases, and developing methods of their diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis
Ophthalmometer [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. metreo "to measure"] - an optic instrument for the measurment of curvature radius of the corneal anterior surface and its refractive power, and for the determination of the type and direction of the main sections (meridians) of the corneal astigmatism
Ophthalmometry [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. metreo "to measure"] - a measurment of the curvature radius of the corneal anterior surface and its refractive power in different meridians
Ophthalmomicrosurgery [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. micro "small" + gr. cheir "hand"+gr. ergon "operation"] - microsurgery of the eye
Ophthalmomyasis [ophthalmomyasis < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. myia "fly" + -
Orbit/О /55
iasis] -a myasis, in which agent of the disease has invaded the eye tissues
Ophthalmomycosis [ophthalmomycosis < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. mykes, myketos "mushroom"+-osis] - a mycosis, characterized by the eye lesion
Ophthalmooncology [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + oncology] - a part of the ophthalmology and oncology, studying tumors of the eye-globe, orbit and optic nerve
Ophthalmopathy, endocrine [ophthalmopathia endocrinica<gr: ophthalmos "eye" + gr. pathos "disease, suffering"] - common name of the eye pathological processes of noninflammatory type, caused by the disorders of the endocrine system (e.g., in diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis)
Ophthalmoplegia [ophthalmoplegia < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. plege "blow, defeat"] - paralysis of the eye extraocular muscles
Ophthalmoplethysmography [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + plethysmography], syn. ophthalmosphygmography - a method of investigation of the eye blood-filling changes during the heart cycle
Ophthalmorheography [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. rrhoia "flow, stream" + gr. grapho "to write"], syn. rheography of the eye, rheoophthalmography - a rheographic method of the uveal tract hemodynamics examination, in particular, the ciliary body
Ophthalmoscope [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. skopeo "to examine, to see"] - an instrument for the visual examination of the eye media transparency and for the examination of the eye fundus
Ophthalmoscopy [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. skopeo "to examine, to see"] - a method of the investigation of the retina, uveal tract and optic nerve condition, based on the examination of the eye fundus
Ophthalmosurgery [ophthalmochirurgia < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. cheir "hand" +gr. ergon "operation"] - a part of ophthalmology, developing surgical methods of the eye diseases treatment
Ophthalmotofflometry [gr. ophthalmos "eye" + tonometry] - eye tonometry
Ophthalmotonus [ophthalmotonus < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + lat. tonus < gr. tones "strain, tension"] - intraocular pressure (IOP)
Ophthalmotropismus adenohypophysialis [ophtalmotropismus adenohypo- physialis < gr. ophthalmos "eye" + gr. tropos "direction, turn"], syn. exophthalmos malignant - progressing exophthalmos, caused by the dysfunction of the hypothalamic- hypophysial-thyroid system
Optics, physiological - a part of the physiology and optics, studying the laws of the light perception by the human visual organ and visual analizator
Optometer [gr. optikos "connected with the vision", gr. optos "visible" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - an instrument for the quick approximate determination of the eye refraction and position of the near and far points of the focused vision (range of the accommodation)
Optometry [gr. optikos "connected with the vision", gr. optos "visible" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - a part of the ophthalmology, developing methods of the eye refraction anomaly determination and correction by the optic means
Optotypes [gr. optikos "connected with the vision", gr. optos "visible" + type] - one- type symbols (letters, geometrical figures and oth.) of various size, used for visual acuity measurement
Orbit [< lat. anat. orbita < lat. orbis "circumference, circle"] - orbital cavity
56/0/ Orbitography
Orbitography [< lat. anat. orbita + gr. grapho "to image, to write"] - a radiography of the orbit after dye introduction into the episcleral space by the punction
Orbititomy [orbitotomia < lat. anat. orbita + gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: dissection of the orbital tissues with opening of the retrobulbar space
Orbitotopometry [orbitotopopmetria < lat. anat. orbita + gr. topos "place" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - a method of examination of the eye-globe displacing deep into the orbital cavity in dosed pressure on the eye-globe anterior surface
Orthophoria [orthophoria < gr. orthos "straight, straight standing, vertical, correct" + gr. phoros "carrying"] - normal state of the motor apparatus of the eyes
Orthoptics \gr. orthos "straight, straight standing, vertical, correct" + gr. optikos "connected with the vision"] - a totality of the conservative methods of the binocular vision restoration in squint
Oscillopsia [oscillopsia < lat. oscillo, oscillatum "rock, oscillate, swing" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"] - illusion of the spasmodic movements of the external objects during the head movements
Oxyopia [oxyopia < gr. oxys "acute" +gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"] - increased visual acuity due to hyperesthesia of the retina
P
Palpebral [palpebralis < lat. palpebra "eye-lid"] -refering to the eye-lid Pannus [pannus corneae < lat. pannus "apiece of cloth, rag, shred"], syn. superficial diffuse vascular keratitis - diffuse opacification of the superficial corneal layers, caused by spreading of the conjunctival inflammatory process, which is characterized by the subepithelial cellular infiltration and accompanied by growing inward of blood vessels
Panophthalmitis [panophthalmitis < gr. pan, pantos "all" +gr. ophthalmos "eye" + - itis] - an acute purulent inflammation of the all eye tissues
Papillitis [papillitis < lat. papilla "nipple" + -itis] - an inflammation of the optic disc Paratrachoma [paratrachoma < gr. para- "near" + trachoma], syn. inclusion conjunctivitis - an acute trachoma-like follicular conjunctivitis, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Perimeter [< gr. perimetron "circumference, limit"] - in ophthalmology: a device for the determination of visual field limits (borders) and its defects (loss)
Perimetry [< gr. perimetron "circumference, limit"] - visual field investigation method by means of the perimeter
Peritomy [peritomia <gr. peri- "situation around (of), on the outside"+gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: dissection of the eye globe conjnctiva around the limbus of the cornea
Penectomy [perecitomia < gr. peri- "situation around (of), on the outside" + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: excision of the stripe from the eye globe conjnctiva around the limbus of the cornea; is used in pannus
Phacocele [phacocele < gr. phakos "lens, lentil" + gr.kele "lump, swelling, tumour"] - falling out the lens in the cornea integrity disorders (perforation of the corneal ulcer, penetrating injury)
Photophobia / Р / 57
Phacoemulsification [gr. phakos "lens, lentil"+emulsification] - cataract extraction method, consisting in the crushing of the lens substance by the ultrasound with the following aspiration
Phacodonesis [phacodonesis < gr. phakos "lens, lentil" + gr. "fluctuation, tremble"] - lens trembling in the eye movements
Phacomalacia [phacomalacia < gr. phakos "lens, lentil" + gr. malakia "softness"] - lens disruption, caused by the disorder of its capsule integrity and developing dystrophic process
Phacoprosthesis [gr. phakos "lens, lentil" + prosthesis], syn. implantation of the intraocular lens - an implantation of the artificial lens into the eye-globe in aphakia
Phacosclerosis [phacosclerosis < gr. phakos "lens, lentil" + sclerosis] - hardening of the central part of the lens (compression of the lens substance)
Phorometer [(hetero)phoria + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - an instrument for the determination of the type and degree of heterophoria
Phlyctena [phlyctaena < gr. phlyktaena "blister, vesicle"], syn. phlyctenule - in ophthalmology: an infiltration, located in the superficial layers of the cornea (more often in the limbus region) or conjunctiva of the eye-globe
Photokeratometry [gr. phos, photos "light" + gr. keras, keratos "horn, substance of the horn" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - a method of the determination of the corneal anterior surface topography by means of keratogrammas
Photokeratoscope [gr. phos, photos "light" + keratoscope] - an instrument for the corneal photography to reveal corneal form deviations and to estimate approximately the corneal astigmatism
Photocoagulation [gr. phos, photos "light" + coagulation], syn. lightcoagulation - an artificial coagulation of the pathologically changed tissues by the influence of the strong flow of the light radiation, e.g. the xenon lamp or laser; mainly is used in the ophthalmology
Photonystagmography [gr. phos, photos "light" + nystagmography] - nystagmus examination method: registration on the photokimograph of the oscillations of the light ray, reflected by the mirror, placed on the eye-globe
Photoophthalmia [photoophthalmia < gr. phos, photos "light" + ophthalmia] - a lesion of the conjunctiva and eye-lid skin by the ultraviolet, strong visible or infrared radiation
Photoopthalmotonometry [gr. phos, photos "light" + opthalmotonometry] - a method of the eye optic media refractive power determination, based on the photoshooting of the optic sections
Photoopthalmotonometer [gr. phos, photos "light" + opthalmotonometer], syn. electrotonometer - an instrument for the intraocular pressure measurement by the photoelectric method
Photopsia [photopsia < gr. phos, photos "light" + gr. opsis "vision"] - an appearance of the flashing sparks, spots, zigzag lines and other light phenomena in the visual field
Photostress [gr. phos, photos "light" + stress], syn. light blow - an effect of the influence on the eye of the intensive light irritation, characterized by the temporary more or less significant decreasing of the visual functions
Photophobia [photophobia < gr. phos, photos "light" + gr. phobos "dreads, fear"] - increased eye sensibility to the light irritation
58 / Р / Pingueculum (pinguecula)
Pingueculum (pinguecula) [pinguecula, pinguicula < diminutive from lat. piugue, pinguis "fat"] - a part of the eye-globe conjunctiva of yellowish colour, represents hyaline degeneration of the tissue
Pleoptics [< gr. pleion, pleon "big, large" + gr. optikos "refering to the vision"] - a part of the ophthalmology, developing the methods of the amblyopia treatment
Pleoptophore [<gr. pleion, pleon "big, large" + gr. optikos "refering to the vision"+ gr. phoros "carrying"] - an optic instrument for the amblyopia treatment
Poliopia [polyopia < gr. polys "many" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. poliopsia - a disorder of the visual perception, in which single fixed object seems to be numerous
Poliophthalmoscope [<gr. polys "many" + ophthalmoscope] — an educational ophthalmoscope, providing the simultaneous observation of the eye fundus by a few persons
Polychromatic plates, syn. pseudoisochromatic tables - tests for the color vision examinations
Polycoria [polykoria < gr. polys "many" + gr. kore "pupil"] - a developmental anomaly: presence in the iris of two or more pupil openings
Precipitate [< lat. praecipito, praecipitatum "fall down impetuously"] - in ophthalmology: a limited accumulation of the fibrin, leucocytes, other cells and pigmented epithelium particles on the posterior surface of the cornea
Preglaucoma [< lat. prae "before" + glaucoma] - a premorbid condition of the eye, which can transform into the initial stage of the primary glaucoma
Presbyopia [presbyopia < gr. presbys "old, oldest, old man" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. old-age sight - a loss of the accommodation with age
Pretrachoma [praetrachoma < lat. prae "before" + trachoma] — an early stage of the trachoma development
Proptosis [proptosis <gr. proptosis "fall forwards"] - a pathological displacement of the organ or its part forwards; this term referes to the eye-globe
Protanomaly [protanomalia < gr. protos "first, primary", proton "at first" + anomaly], syn. red weakness - form of the anomalous trichromatopsia, characterized mainly by the weakness of the red colour perception
Protanopia [protanopia < gr. protos "first, primary", proton "at first" + gr. negative prefix an-+gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. red-blindness - dichromatopsia (dichromazy) form, in which perception of the red colour is absent
Proxymetry [proxymetria < lat. proximalis "situated nearer to centre+gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - method of determination of the nearest point of the clear vision by the special device proximeter
Pseudoglaucoma [pseudoglaucoma < gr. pseudos "lie" + glaucoma], syn. false glaucoma - a pathological condition of the eye, characterized by glaucoma-like changes of the ophthalmoscopic picture and normal level of the intraocular pressure
Pseudomyopia [pseudomyopia < gr. pseudos "lie" + myopia] - false myopia, caused by the accommodation spasm
Pseudoneuritis, optic [pseudoneuritis optica < gr. pseudos "lie" + neuritis], syn. false optic neuritis - an optic nerve anomaly, which ophthalmoscopic picture reminds of its inflammation
Pseudophakia-see Artiphakia
Pseudopterygium [pseudopterygium. < gr. pseudos "lie"+ pterygium] - false
Retinopathy/R / 59
pterygium, developing after ulcerations, burnings and corneal lesions; unlike with true pterygium has no tendency to grow
Pseudoptosis [pseudoptosis < gr. pseudos "lie" + gr. ptosis "fall"], syn. false ptosis - drooping of the upper lid, reminding of ptosis, caused by the thickening or hanging down of the upper lid skin
Pterygium [pterygium < gr. pterygion "something, similar with the wing"] - a triangular slowly growing eye-globe conjunctiva fold, adhered with corneal surface
Ptosis [ptosis < gr. ptosis "fall"], syn. blepharoptosis - drooping of the upper lid, caused by the disorder of the levator muscle
Pupillography [< lat. pupilla "pupil" + gr. grapho "to image, to write"] - method of the pupil reactions examination, based on the registration of the pupil size changes with photo or cinema shooting
Pupillometer [< 1 at. pupilla "pupil" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - an instrument for the pupil diameter measurement
Pupillometry [< lat. pupilla "pupil" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - a measurement of the pupil size
Pupiilotonia [< lat. pupilla "pupil" + gr. tonos "strain, tension"], syn. neurotonic pupil reaction - pupil reaction, characterized by the pupil slowing-down narrowing in lighting and its slowing-down dilatation after stopping of lighting of the eyes
R
Recession [recessio < lat. recessus "removal, retreat, stepping back"] - surgical operation: correction of the squint, which consists in replacement to the back of the scleral attachment siteofoneofthe extraocular muscles
Reclination of the cataract [reclinatio cataractae < lat. reclinatio "inclination to the backwards, leaching back"] - surgical operation: displacement of the opaque lens into the vitreous body (aside from the visual axis) to improve the vision in the cataract
Refraction of the eye, clinical [refractio oculi < lat. refractus "refracted"] — characteristics of the refractive power of the eye optic system, which is determined according position of the posterior main focal point in the relationship of the retinal position
Refraction of the eye, physical [refractio oculi physicalis] - refractive power of the eye optic system, calculated in diopters
Refractometer (eye) - an optical instrument for the objective determination of the eye refraction
Refractometry of the eye - an objective determination of the eye refraction by means of the optical instruments refractometers
Retina [retina < lat. rete "network"], syn. optomeninx - an inner coat of the eye-globe
Retinitis [retinitis < anat. retina+ -itis] - an inflammation of the retina Retinoblastoma [retinoblastoma < anat. retina + blastoma], syn. glioma of the retina - malignant neuroepidermal tumor of the retina
Retinopathy [retinopathia < anat. retina + gr. pathos "disease, suffering"] - common name of the some retinal lesions of non-inflammatory type
6О/R/ Retinophote
Retinophote [< anat. retina + photography] - a device for the eye fundus photography
Retinoschisis [retinoschisis < anat. retina + gr. schisis "splitting"] - dividing of the retina into layers in its cystoid degeneration
Riders [< germ. Reiter "horseman, rider"] - in ophthalmology: partially opacified bundles of the lens fibers, placed at the equator of the perinuclear region in the zonular cataract
S
Sclera [sklera < gr. skleros "dens, hard"], syn. scleral coat, sclerotic coat, sclerotica, white of the eye - a nontransparent part of the eye-globe fibrous coat
Sclerectasia [sclerectasia < anat. sclera + gr. ektasis "stretching, widening"], syn. sclerectasis - stretching and thinning of the sclera as a result of the inflammatory or dystrophic process
Sclerectomy [sclerectomia < anat. sclera + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: excision of the portion of the sclera
Scleritis [scleritis < anat. sclera + -itis] - an inflammation of the sclera Scleromalacia perforans [scleromalacia perforans < anat. sclera + gr. malakia "softness"] - a necrosis of the sclera with following its perforation
Scleroplasty [scleroplastica < anat. sclera + plasty] - common name of the surgical operations on the sclera for the replacement of its defects or changing of the eye-globe form (e.g., in myopia treatment)
Sclerotenonitis [sclerotenonitis < anat. sclera + anat. obs. capsula Tenoni "vagina of the eye-globe" + -itis] - a posterior scleritis
Sclerotomy [sclerotomia < anat. sclera+ gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: section of the sclera
Sclerouveitis [sclerouveitis < anat. sclera + anat. obs. uvea "uveal tract of the eye" +- itis] - a combined inflammation of the sclera and uveal tract of the eye-globe
Scotoma [scotoma < gr. skotos "blindness, darkness"] - a visual field defect, not merging with its peripheral borders
Scotometer [scotoma + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - a device for the determination and examination of scotomas in the central part of the visual field
Scotometry [scotometria < scotoma + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - determination of scotoma form and size
Siderosis of the eye [< gr. sideros "iron"] - deposition of the iron junctions in the eye tissues
Sinusotomy [sinusotomia < anat. sinus "shirt" + gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation for the glaucoma treatment, consisting in dissection of the external wall of Schlemm's canal (venous sinus of the sclera)
Sinusotrabeculotomy [sinusotrabeculotomia < sinusotomia + trabeculotomia] - surgical operation in the glaucoma treatment, consisting in combination of the sinusotomy and trabeculotomy
Skiascope [< gr. skia "shadow" + gr. skopeo "to examine, to observe"] - an
Tarsotomy/Т / 61
instrument for the eye refraction measurement by the skiascopic method
Skiascopy [< gr. skia "shadow" + gr. skopeo "to examine, to observe"], syn. diopterscopy, pupilloscopy, shadow test - a method of the measurement of the eye clinical refraction
Sphaerophakia [sphaerophakia < gr. sphaira "ball" +gr. phakos "lens, lentil"] - a hereditary family development anomaly: sphere-shape lens
Staphyloma [staphyloma < gr. staphyle "grapes, grapes bunch" + -oma] - a bulging of the eye-globe surface, caused by the scar or dystrophic changings of the scleral or corneal parts
Staphylotomy [staphylotomia < staphyloma + gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: dissection of the staphyloma with the purpose for its liquidation
Stereoscope [< gr. stereos "volumetric" + gr. skopeo "to examine, to see"] - a binocular optic instrument for providing of the stereoscopic perception of the image in the stereopair observation
Strabismus [< gr. strabismos "squint"], syn. cockeye, heterotopia, squint — deviation of the visual axis one of the eyes from the joint point of fixation
Strabometer [strabismus + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - a device for the determination of the visual axes position in squint
Strabometry [strabismus + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - common name of the squint angle measurement methods
Symblepharon [symblepharon < gr. sym "together, with"+gr. blepharon "eye-lid"] - a scar adherence of the eye-lid (tarsal) conjunctiva with the eye-globe (bulbar) conjunctiva
Synechiae [synechiae < gr. sinecheia "continuity, connectedness"] — in ophthalmology: cohesions between adjacent surfaces inside the eye globe, which is formed after trauma or after inflammatory process
Synechotomy [syncchotomia < gr. sinecheia "continuity, connectedness" + gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: dissection of iridal adhesions
Symoptophore [< gr. synoptikos "one's observing all together" +gr. phoros "carrying"], syn. troposcope - an instrument for the diagnostic and therapy of the motor and sensory disorders in the squint and heterophoria
T
Tarsitis [tarsitis < anat. tarsus palpebrae "eye-lid tarsal plate" + -itis] - an inflammation of the tarsal plate
Tarsomarginoplasty [tarsomarginoplastica < anat. tarsus + lat. margo, marginis "border, edge" + plasty] - common name of the plastic operations, performed to restorate of the tarsal plate and eye-lid margin
Tarsoplasty [tarsoplastica < anat. tarsus + plasty] - common name of the plastic operations on the tarsal plate
Tarsorraphy [tarsorraphia < anat. tarsus + gr. rhaphe "suture"] - see Blepharorraphy
Tarsotomy [tarsotomia < anat. tarsus + gr. tome "cut, section"] - dissection of the
62 / Т / Tatouage
tarsal plate
Tatouage [<fr. tatouage "tattoo"] - tattoo of the cornea
Tenonitis [tenonitis < anat. obs. capsula Tenoni "vagina of the eye-globe" + -itis], syn. capsulitis - an inflammation of the eye-globe vagina (Tenon's capsule)
Tension of the eye [tensio oculi < lat. "strain, tension" < lat. tendere "draw, stretch"] - intraocular pressure (IOP)
Tonography [gr. tonos "strain, tension" +gr. grapho "to image, to write"] - a method of the eye hydrodynamics examination
Tonometry (of eye) [gr. tonos "strain, tension" + gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"], syn. ophthalmotonometry - common name of the intraocular pressure measurment methods
Tonoscopy [gr. tonos "strain, tension" + gr. scopeo "to observe, to see"] - ophthalmodynamometry
Tortuositas vasorum retinae [< lat. tortuositas vasorum retinae "tortuosity of the retinal vessels"] - development anomaly: excessive tortuosity of the central retinal vessels
Trabeculectomy [trabeculektomia < anat. trabecula, LNH < lat. diminutive from "trabs" beam, girder + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: excision of the eye trabecular meshwork portion; is used in glaucoma treatment
Trabeculotomy [trabeculotomia < anat. trabecula + gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: dissection of the eye trabecular meshwork; is used in glaucoma treatment
Trachoma [trachoma < gr. trachys "rough, uneven"], syn. granular lids, granular ophthalmia, Egyptian ophthalmia - eye infectious disease, caused by Chlamydia
Trichiasis [trichiasis < gr. thrix, trichos "hair" + gr. iasis "pathological process, condition, diasease"] - an incorrect position (misdirection) of the lashes, in which they are directed to the cornea side
Trichremazy [trichromasia < gr. tri "three" + gr. chroma "colour, stain"], syn. trichromatopsia - an ability to percept three main colours; is estimated as a normal color vision
Trichromazy anomalous [trichromasia anpmalis] - color vision disorder, which is characterized of weakening perception of the some colours
Tritanomaly [tritanomalia < gr. tritos "third" + anomaly] - color vision disorder, in which a perception of the violet colour is weakened
Tritanopia [tritanopia <gr. tritos "third" + negative prefix "an-" + gr. ops, opos "eye, vision"], syn. blue-yellow blindness - dichromatopsia type, in which a perception of the violet colour is mainly absent
Tylosis [tylosis < gr. tylosis "callosity"] - droop of the considerably thickened eye-lid margin; is observed in blepharitis
U
Uveal tract [anat. obs. uvea "uveal tract of the eye" < lat. uva "grapes, grapes bunch"] -uveal tract of the eye-globe
Uveitis [uve- + itis], syn. iridocyclochoroiditis - an inflammation of the uveal tract
Zonuloscopy /Z /63
Uveopathy [uveopathia < uveo- + gr. pathos "disease, suffering"] - common name of some eye diseases with uveal tract lesion of the noninflammatory type
V
Visoinetry [< lat. visus "vision"+gr. metreo "to determine, to measure"] - testing of the visual acuity
Visual [lat. visualis "optic, visual"] -perceived orproducedby means of vision Visus [lat. visus "vision"] - visual acuity (syn. vision, sight)
Visuscope [lat. visus "vision" + gr. skopeo "to observe, to see"] - a portable device for the examination of the eye fundus and eye anterior segment, diaphanoscope refractometry, calibrometry of the eye fundus vessels
Vitreophagy [vitreophagia < lat. anat. corpus vitreus "vitreous body" + gr. phagein "to eat (up), to devour, to take up, to absorb"] - partial removing of the vitreous body with special instrument-vitreophage
Vitrectomy [vitrectomia < lat. anat. corpus vitreus "vitreous body" + gr. ectome "cutting out"] - surgical operation: total or partial removing of the vitreous body with its following replacement with special substitutions
Vitreotomy [vitreotomia < lat. anat. corpus vitreus "vitreous body" + gr. tome "cut, section"] - surgical operation: dissection of the connective-tissue membranes in the vitreous body
X
Xanthopsia [xanthopsia < gr. xanthos "yellow"+gr. opsis "vision"] - disorder of the vision, when the patient sees all the obj ects as stained in the yellow colour
Xenokeratoplasty [xenokeratoplastica < gr. xenos "alien, strange" + keratoplasty], syn. heterokeratoplasty - keratoplasty with using of the animal cornea
Xerophthalmia [xerophthalmia < gr. xeros "dry" + gr. ophthalmos "eye"], syn. ophthalmoxerosis, xerosis - a dryness of the conjnctiva and cornea surfaces
Z
Zonulolysis [zonulolysis < lat. anat. zonula ciliaris + gr. lysis "decomposition, decay, dissolvation"], syn. Barraker' method - distorbtion of eye zonule fibers (zonula Zinni, Zinn's ligament) by the introduction in the posterior chamber of the proteolytic enzymes (applied in the intracapsular cataract extraction)
Zonuloscopy [zonuliscopia < zonulo- + gr. skopeo "to see, to examine"] - examination of the zonula Zinni of the eye (Zinn's ligament, suspensory ligament) with the slit lamp
Петраевский Алексей Владимирович
Гндоян Ирина Асатуровна