- •Reading Tasks
- •Understanding main points.
- •Understanding details. Mark true (t) and false (f) statements according to the text.
- •Vocabulary Tasks.
- •Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •Individual efforts fell short of success, only limited goals could be attained,
- •Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •Match each term with the definition.
- •Act as an interpreter for Parts a and b.
- •Translate into English.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks
- •Understanding main points.
- •Understanding details. True/false statements.
- •Applying for a Job
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •Complete the sentences, using the text.
- •Translate into English.
- •Over to you
- •Unit II Section a
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks.
- •1. Understanding main points:
- •2. Understanding details.
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •1. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Act as an interpreter for parts a and b:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions and word combinations (on, such as, of, in to, from, by, during, for, with, due to, both, though).
- •6. Translate the following into English.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks
- •Understanding main points.
- •Understanding details. Mark True (t) and False (f) statements according to the text.
- •How to Write Business Letters
- •Complete the sentences, using the text.
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •Translate the following into English.
- •Over to you: Extra Writing Tasks
- •1. This letter was written after a half year review. Put the sentences forming the body of the letter in the right sequence.
- •2. Read the following information and complete the task. Write about 100-200 words.
- •Unit III Section a Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks.
- •1. Understanding main points:
- •2. Understanding details. Mark True (t) and False (f) statements according to the text.
- •Brand Names
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •1. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Act as an interpreter for parts a and b:
- •5. Render in English.
- •Over to you:
- •Section b Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks
- •Understanding main points. Answer the questions:
- •Understanding details. Mark True (t) and False (f) statements according to the text.
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •S uggest the Russian equivalents.
- •Fill in the gaps:
- •Translate the following in Russian.
- •Over to you:
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •1. Understanding main points:
- •2. Understanding details.
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •1. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •Writing Tasks
- •1. Translate the following into English.
- •Over to you:
- •1. Which would you prefer to work for?
- •2. Do you think your response to question 1 is a typical one? Who would you rather work for?
- •Unit IV Section b Crossculture communication
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks.
- •1. Understanding main points:
- •2. Understanding details.
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •1. Read the words and find the odd-one-out.
- •2. Complete each sentence with a phrase from the text.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks.
- •1. Understanding main points:
- •2. Understanding details. Mark True (t) and False (f) statements according to the text.
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •1. Fill in the gaps with the words given below.
- •2. Make sentences using all these words:
- •3. Read 5 questions and match them with the correct answers.
- •4. Match each term with the definition.
- •Over to you:
- •Supply the missing questions for the part of a. Act out the dialogue with a partner.
- •Say which of the following accounts you would prefer and give your reasons:
- •Speak about the new banking services when have been introduced for the last decade. Give examples. Unit II
- •International Financial Institutions
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks.
- •1. Understanding main points:
- •2. Understanding details. Mark True (t) and False (f) statements according to the text.
- •The World Bank
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •1. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •3. Render in English.
- •Over to you:
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Tasks.
- •1. Understanding main points:
- •2. Understanding details. Mark True (t) and False (f) statements according to the text.
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •1. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •3. Match each term with the definition.
- •4. Act as an interpreter for parts a and b:
- •5. Render in English.
- •Over to you:
Vocabulary Notes
to commit oneself to smth – взять на себя обязательства (to doing smth)
to convey – передавать
elaborate – сложный, тщательно выработанный
to be customary to do smth – иметь обыкновение что-либо делать
goodwill – (зд.) доброжелательность
a signatory – подписавший (документ)
to render services to smb – оказывать кому-либо услуги
to bring to one’s notice – доводить до сведения
wholesale trade – оптовая торговля
to claim – зд. – заявлять права
Reading Tasks
Understanding main points.
Why are the phrases like “We beg to advise you” considered unnecessary in business correspondence?
What are the main pelicularities of writing business letters in English?
What are the usual ways of starting the letter and ending it?
Sum up the typical mistakes that occur in business correspondence.
Why is it customary to place a reference at the end of one’s letter?
Understanding details. Mark True (t) and False (f) statements according to the text.
References are never used in business correspondence.
The name of the signatory is always typed underneath the signature itself.
One should rewrite the letter lacking clarity.
Unless the correspondents are personally acquainted expressions of goodwill are necessary.
The skills required to write a good business letter are the same as to write other compositions.
How to Write Business Letters
The skill required to write a good business letter is exactly the same as in needed for any other type of composition. Avoid such phrases at the beginning of a letter as “We beg to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the 20th inst.”, or “We beg to advise you”, and such endings as “Assuring you of our best services at all times” or “We hope to be favoured with your esteemed order”; they will only bring a smile to the lips of your correspondent.
Avoid phrases the meaning of which is unclear, such as “The matter is under active consideration”. Such phrases may sometimes be used deliberately when the writer is anxious to avoid committing himself to a definite course of action, but these considerations are outside the scope of our general advice.
Never write a letter before you have made up your mind what you wish to say, and when the letter has been typed and is given to you for signature, read it carefully and make quite certain that your correspondent will understand your meaning. If there is any lack of clarity, write the letter again. It is quicker to do this than to have to write a second letter explaining what you intended to convey in the first, and is less likely to lead to an unsatisfied customer or a lost client.
To those of you who may be used to a more elaborate style in business letters, a letter written in English might seem over-simple or even lacking in politeness; but you would be mistaken in thinking this. When the subjects covered by a letter have been dealt with, it should be ended quite simply with the words “Yours faithfully” or “Yours sincerely”.
The usual way to begin a business letter is “Dear Sir”, “Dear Sirs”, or “Gentlemen”, whichever is appropriate, and to end it with “Yours faithfully”.
When the two correspondents are acquainted, or when they have done business together for some time, it is customary to use the person’s name and write “Dear Mr. Brown”, and to end the letter “Yours sincerely”. Unless the correspondents are personally acquainted all other expressions of goodwill or farewell are unnecessary.
At the beginning, or sometimes at the end of the letter, it is customary to place a reference to enable the earlier correspondence on the same subject to be traced easily.
The name of the signatory of the letter and his function should be typed underneath the signature.
It is quite unnecessary to offer any further advice on letter writing that does not apply to most kinds of composition. “Be clear, be concrise and be brief”, sums it up.
For example:
1)Letter of Introduction
Dear Signor Torri,
This is to introduce my friend Mr. Charles Pickton, of Messrs. Freeman of London, who is traveling in the northern Italy for the purpose of buying leather goods suitable for the best class trade in this country.
I shall regard any service that you are able to render Mr. Pickton as a personal favour done to me.
I hope that you are well and that I shall have the pleasure of seeing you shortly.
Yours very sincerely,
2) Notice of establishment of a business
Gentlemen,
I should like to bring to your notice the fact that I have established myself as a wholesale woolen trader at the above address.
For more than ten years I have been the European representative for Seabright Mills Ltd., and I can claim to have considerable experience of both the United Kingdom and the Continental woolen markets.
I can offer you an unusually large variety of first class suitings, particularly Yorkshire worsteds and Scotch tweeds at strictly competitive prices.
May I have the pleasure of sending you some patterns?
Yours faithfully,