- •Предисловие
- •Unit one Environmental engineering
- •Environmental engineering
- •Unit two Natural resources
- •Annotation
- •Abstract
- •Unit three ecosystem
- •Unit four Land pollution
- •Land pollution
- •Increased mechanization
- •Increased waste disposal
- •Unit five soil management (Part I)
- •Soil management
- •Unit six soil management (Part II)
- •Unit seven Water pollution
- •Water pollution
- •Unit eight Sewage treatment
- •Sewage treatment
- •9. What is this abstract about? Translate it without dictionary.
- •Unit nine Stages of sewage treatment
- •Stages of sewage treatment
- •Exercise 11. Choose one topic from the List of waste water treatment technologies and prepare a report.
- •Unit ten Air pollution
- •Air pollution
- •Unit eleven Air pollution control
- •Air pollution control
- •Voc (Volatile Organic Chemicals) Emissions
- •Exercise 10. Choose one topic from the List of air pollution control devices and prepare a report.
- •Unit twelve Global warming
- •Global warming
- •Greenhouse Gases
- •Natural greenhouse effect
- •Exercise 9. Choose one topic from the Category of greenhouse gases and prepare a report.
- •Unit Thirteen Effects of global warming
- •Exercise 10. Choose one topic from the category Effects of global warming and prepare a report.
- •Http://en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/Category:Effects_of_global_warming
- •Unit fouRteen
- •Environmental impact assessment
- •Environmental impact assessment
- •Industrial products
- •Unit fiFteen Environmental remediation
- •The Environmental Outlook in Russia January 1999
- •Unit siXteen Environmental remediation methods
- •Environmental remediation methods
- •In situ oxidation
- •Soil vapour extraction
- •Unit seventeen Waste management: concepts, handling, transport
- •Waste management: concepts, handling, transport
- •Unit eighteen Methods of solid waste disposal
- •Methods of solid waste disposal
- •References
- •Contents
Increased waste disposal
There are various methods of waste disposal, they differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers, ______________.
Poorly managed landfills can create a number of adverse environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid leachate.
1) as the harmful environmental effects were realized
2) there is an increase in field size and mechanization.
3) which is very toxic and causes fatality even in low concentrations.
4) caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources.
5) to use chemical substances foreign to the environment.
6) but most of them are harmful for the environment in some degree.
7) which destroyed natural habitats and polluted the environment,
8) such as potential toxicity to humans and other organisms.
9) which in return can kill aquatic life.
10) led to the increased number of roads and infrastructure that goes with them.
Exercise 4. Read the following formulae and tell what they mean.
SOx, SO2, NOx, NO2, CO2, CH4, NH3, O3, C6H12O6, CH3CH3, CH2CH2, CH3CHO, CH3CONH2, CH3CN, OCS, C6H5Cl, BrCH2CH2Br, C6H5OH.
Exercise 5. Make up some questions to the text in the form of a plan. Get ready to retell the text.
Exercise 6. Find in the text the following phrases:
загрязнение почвы, нерациональное использование земельных ресурсов, уничтожить естественную среду обитания, двигатель внутреннего сгорания, вызывать визуальное, шумовое, световое загрязнение, истощать почву, питательное вещество, использовать химические вещества враждебные для окружающей среды, использование пестицидов, избавить ферму от насекомых, которые уничтожают растения, воздействовать на нервную и эндокринную системы, высокотоксичное вещество, водная флора и фауна, причинить ущерб, методы утилизации отходов, плохо управляемая свалка, воздействие на окружающую среду.
Exercise 7. Translate the following word combinations. Mind that in the noun chain the last noun is the main one, the others become attributes.
farm crop cultivation, farm crop cultivation improvement, plant protection measures, great soil erosion difficulties, industry and agriculture contribution, modern farm equipment requirement, new farm machinery and equipment deliveries, land reclamation work, fertilizers producing plant construction, world water resource distribution, ecosystem equilibrium state, soil nitrogen contemn analysis, farm machinery maintenance problems.
Exercise 8. Give synonyms and antonyms to the following words.
pollution; degradation; urban; waste; disease; human; internal; open; benefit; similar; to damage; synthetic; to include; cheap; toxic; safe; liquid; to increase; foreign; life.
Exercise 9. Give all possible derivatives of the nouns using suffixes -ег, -or. Translate the words into Russian.
to lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose, to use, to make, to farm, to lose, to open.
Exercise 10. Make some questions to embrace the content of the text.
In Scotland in 1993, 14 million tons of waste was produced. 100,000 tons was toxic waste and 260,000 tons was controlled waste from other parts of Britain and abroad. 45% of the special waste was in liquid form and 18% was asbestos - radioactive waste was not included. Of the controlled waste, 48% came from the demolition of buildings, 22% from industry, 17% from households and 13% from business - only 3% were recycled. 90% of controlled waste was buried in landfill sites and produced 2 million tons of methane gas. 1.5% was burned in incinerators and 1.5% was exported to be disposed of or recycled.