Index
Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables.
American College Testing (ACT) Score, 145, 146, 156, 162
American National Election Studies, 4, 12, 19, 98n, 100n, 103n, 131, 133, 138
American Research Group, 1
Attitudes on importance of civic participation. See Perceived importance of civic participation
Attributions on motivation, 50 self-serving bias in, 48–49
Bar-Tal, Daniel, 96 Beliefs
on importance of civic participation. See Perceived importance of civic participation
political ideology. See Ideology, political partisanship. See Partisanship
Bias
endogeneity (omitted variable), 5, 19,
21, 128
in motivation attribution, 48–49 reciprocal causation, 5, 19, 21, 128 selection, 5, 19, 21, 128
Brady, Henry E., 16, 55, 92 Bush, George H. W., 41 Bush, George W., 65, 139
Cacioppo, John T., 72
Campaign activities, participation in, 15, 34, 51, 149
in Obama rally, 32, 32n, 36, 49, 66 survey evidence on, 94, 121, 153
Campbell, David E., 60n, 95n Causal mechanisms, 7, 129
civic engagement in, 54, 57, 154–155 correlation of, 58–59
difficulties in research on, 18–20, 27, 128, 135–137
focus group evidence on, 48–49, 64–69 information resources in, 53–54, 57, 154 multivariate analysis of, 59–64 reciprocal, 5, 19, 21, 128
recruitment in, 155
social norms in, 55–56, 58, 155
survey evidence on, 42–48, 57–64, 154– 155
validity of research on, 24–26 Civic participation
awakening moment in, 29
changes between high school and college, 34, 38–42, 116
changes during college years, 116–117 costs and benefits of, 3, 35, 40–41, 52– 56, 63–64, 69, 73–74, 120–121, 121n
176 |
Index |
Civic participation (continued) definition of, 13–16 differentiated from civic talk, 16
difficulties in research on, 18–20, 21, 27, 128
focus group evidence on, 48–49, 64–69, 87–88, 107, 131, 140
future research on, 135–137 individual characteristics affecting, 71–
89. See also Individual-level characteristics
knowledge about politics and current events affecting, 37–38. See also Knowledge about politics and current events
lasting effect of civic talk on, 8, 116–124, 129–130
measurement of, 33–42 motivation for, 52–56, 69. See also
Motivation for civic participation non-political activities in. See Non-
political civic participation
peer characteristics affecting, 91–108.
See also Peers
perceived importance of. See Perceived importance of civic participation
political activities in. See Political activity participation
predisposition to. See Predisposition to civic participation
prior experience with. See Prior civic participation experiences
recruitment for. See Recruitment role in democracy, 3, 9, 13–16 self-reinforcement of, 120–124 social-level antecedents of, 17–18
social norms affecting, 55–56, 58, 68–69.
See also Norms
survey evidence on, 42–48, 57–64, 75– 88, 96–106, 110–113, 116–124
trends across different activities, 34, 35–38 validity of research on, 24–26
in voluntary membership organizations. See Voluntary civic organization participation
voting in. See Voter turnout Civic talk
amount of, in social network, 7, 12, 30– 32, 131
awakening moment in, 29
and civic engagement, 7, 54, 57–66, 113–115
compared to deliberation, 12, 130–135 composition of discussion network in,
12–13
conflict avoidance in, 31–32, 65, 94–95, 107, 134
definition of, 2, 11–12, 16
differentiated from civic participation, 16 difficulties in research on, 18–20, 27,
128, 135–137
duration of impact, 8, 116–124, 129–130 focus group evidence on, 48–49, 64–69,
87–88, 107, 131, 140
frequency of. See Frequency of civic talk future research on, 135–137
individual characteristics in, 71–89. See also Individual-level characteristics
influence of, compared to individual level characteristics, 8, 43–47, 50, 110–113, 129
informal and accidental nature of, 11–12, 131
as information resource, 53–54, 57, 59–65 lasting effect of, 8, 116–124, 129–130 measurement of, 30–33
news media use affecting, 33, 87n, 105, 131
normative implications of, 8, 130–135 in participatory democracy, 2, 5, 8–9,
23–24, 50, 71, 89, 94, 109, 116, 127– 128, 130, 135, 138–139
peer characteristics in, 7–8, 91–108, 129.
See also Peers
persuasion attempts in, 49, 65, 68, 72– 75, 92–93
and political participation, 45–46, 50–51, 119–120, 123–124
potential problems in, 132–135 recruitment in. See Recruitment self-reports on, 30–33
survey evidence on, 42–48, 57–64, 75– 88, 96–106, 110–113, 116–124
topics discussed in, 32–33 validity of research on, 24–26
variables not influenced by, 115, 134 and voluntary civic organization partici-
pation, 7, 42–45, 51, 60–61, 75–88, 96–107, 118–119, 122, 129
and voter turnout, 7, 46–48, 51, 62–63, 75–88, 96–107, 119–120, 129
Civil society, 14, 14n, 15
participation in, 14. See also Civic participation
Index |
177 |
Clinton, Bill, 41
Clinton, Hillary, 1–2, 32n, 65, 141 Cognitive dissonance
in political disagreements, 94–95 in social norm violations, 56
College students in first year, 6, 21–22 as crucial case of peer influence, 24–26 changes in civic participation between
high school and college, 34, 38–42, 116
free time of, 39, 40, 158
political activities of, 34, 35–38, 116, 153
preference for community involvement, 36–37, 46, 114–115, 140–141, 158 prior civic participation experience of,
34, 38, 75–78 priorities of, 38–40
as respondents and non-respondents in C-SNIP Panel Study, 144–147
College students in fourth year, 6, 22, 129– 130
changes in civic participation during college years, 116–117
continuing effect of civic talk on, 8, 116– 124
as respondents and non-respondents in C-SNIP Panel Study, 144–147
Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Focus Group Study, 23n, 23–24
on causal mechanisms, 48–49, 64–69 on civic engagement, 65–66
on decreases in civic participation between high school and college, 40– 42
on disagreement and conflict avoidance, 31–32, 65, 107
on frequency of civic talk, 31–32 on individual characteristics, 87–88 on information resources, 64–65
on link between civic talk and civic participation, 48–49
on political and non-political civic participation, 36–38
questions asked in, 147–149
on recruitment attempts, 65, 66–68, 69, 87–88
research design in, 147–149 on social norms, 68–69
on topics discussed while engaging in civic talk, 32–33
Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Panel Survey, 6–8, 21– 22
on causal mechanisms, 42–48, 57–64, 154–155
characteristics of respondents and nonrespondents in, 144–146
on civic engagement, 57, 58–64, 78–81, 154–155
on civic expertise of peers, 103–106 on frequency of civic talk, 30, 154
on homogeneity of peer group, 100–103 on importance of civic participation, 37,
48, 106, 158
on individual characteristics, 75–87, 155–156
on knowledge and education, 85–87, 88, 103–104, 156, 157
matching procedure in. See Matching procedure in data pre-processing on peer characteristics, 96–106, 157
on political participation, 34–38, 45–46, 116, 119–120, 152–153
on political preferences, 82–85, 156
on preference for community or political involvement, 36–37, 46, 114–115, 140–141, 158
on prior civic participation experience, 34, 38, 75–78
questions and variables in, 151–159 research design in, 143–147, 151–159 response rate in, 144
on social intimacy, 96–100
on voluntary organization participation, 7, 34, 35–36, 42–45, 51, 60–61, 75– 88, 96–107, 118–119, 122, 129, 151,
152
on voter turnout, 7, 34–35, 46–48, 51, 62–63, 75–88, 96–107, 119–120, 129, 153
wave 1, 6, 21–22, 143, 145, 146. See also High school students
wave 2, 6, 21–22, 143, 145, 146–147. See also College students in first year wave 3, 6, 22, 116–124, 143, 145, 146–
147. See also College students in fourth year
Commission on National and Community Service, 41
Community involvement, preference for, compared to political involvement, 36–37, 46, 114–115, 140–141, 158
178 |
Index |
Competence, civic, 18, 66
Compliance with group, social intimacy affecting, 92
Conflicts in political disagreements, 93–95 avoidance of, 31–32, 65, 94, 95, 107, 134
Conservative ideology, 82–85, 156 Contact with elected officials, 14, 15, 34,
51, 152, 153
survey evidence on, 152, 153 Cooperation in social networks, 131–132
and groupthink, 134
Corporation for National and Community Service, 41
Cost-benefit analysis of civic participation, 3, 35, 40–41, 52–56, 63–64, 69, 73–74, 120–121, 121n
data gathering and data analysis phases in, 73–74
Crucial cases, 24–26, 26n, 135
C-SNIP Focus Group Study. See Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Focus Group Study
C-SNIP Panel Survey. See Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Panel Survey
Data matching procedure. See Matching procedure in data pre-processing
Deliberation, 12, 130–135
as benchmark for civic discourse, 130 compared to civic talk, 12, 130, 131–132 policy implications of, 12, 132, 134 social level factors in, 17, 92
Democracy
active involvement of citizens in, 3, 9 citizen interactions in, 17, 17n
and civil society, 14, 14n
costs and benefits of participation in, 3, 35, 40–41, 52–56, 63–64, 69, 73–74, 120–121, 121n
disengagement affecting, 13–14, 26, 89, 91, 133, 137–138
participatory, role of civic talk in, 2, 5, 6–9, 71, 116, 127, 130, 135
peer-based civic mobilization in, 138– 139
political disagreements in, 93–94, 135n sociological studies of, 5, 17–18
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 17 Disagreements, political, 8, 93–95
conflict avoidance in, 31–32, 65, 94–95, 107, 134
focus group evidence on, 31–32, 107
and peer group homogeneity, 100–103 persuasion attempts in, 65
policy solutions in, 135, 135n Discursive discourse, 130–132 Discussions
common topics in, 31–33 discursive, 130–132
frequency of civic talk in, 7, 12, 30–32 on large scale issues, 135
network of individuals included in, 12–13 Dormitory assignment, 21, 21n
Downs, Anthony, 52 Duty, civic, 54
An Economic Theory of Democracy (Downs), 52
Education level
and civic participation, 3–4, 74 of parents, 87–89, 112, 113, 156
Edwards, John, 1 Efficacy, political
civic talk affecting, 114–115 compared to effect of civic talk, 111
and motivation for civic participation, 54 survey evidence on, 57, 59, 61, 62, 79–
81, 154–156
and voluntary organization participation, 60–61, 78–81
and voter turnout, 62, 63, 79–81 Egalitarian discussions in social networks,
131–134
Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, 72
Elections
ambivalence about, 94n civic mobilization in, 139
midterm congressional election (2006), 119–120, 123–124, 125, 153
political disagreements on, 94 presidential primary elections. See Presi-
dential primary elections recruitment attempts in, 55, 62–63, 66 as topic of civic talk, 32, 64, 65
voter turnout for. See Voter turnout Endogeneity bias, 5, 19, 21, 128 Engagement, civic, 3, 7, 129
civic talk affecting, 7, 54, 57, 59, 61, 62, 65–66, 113–115
compared to effect of civic talk, 111 correlation with other causal mecha-
nisms, 58–59
in cost-benefit analysis of civic participation, 74
Index |
179 |
focus group evidence on, 65–66 knowledge on politics and current events
affecting, 18, 37–38, 66 measures of, 57, 64n
and motivation for civic participation, 54 multivariate analysis of, 59–63
in Obama campaign, 36
preference for community involvement affecting, 36–37
of roommate, 103–106
and sense of political efficacy, 78–81 survey evidence on, 57, 58–63, 78–81,
154–155
and voluntary organization participation, 60–61
and voter turnout, 54, 63–64, 69, 79–81 Enjoyment of time spent with roommate,
98–100, 105–106, 157
Environmental concerns as discussion topic, 33, 49
Environmental stimuli, interaction with personal characteristics, 71–89
Expertise, civic, 91, 95–96, 103–106 civic talk affecting, 114–115, 129
compared to effect of civic talk, 110–113 and influence of civic talk, 7, 91, 95–96,
103–106, 108
survey evidence on, 103–106, 108, 157
Festinger, Leon, 56, 72, 93
Focus group study in C-SNIP. See Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Focus Group Study
Free time available, 3
survey evidence on, 39–40, 158 Frequency of civic talk, 7, 12, 30–32, 131
conflict avoidance affecting, 31–32 focus group evidence on, 31
interest of roommate in politics and current events affecting, 32
self-reports of, 12, 30–32 survey evidence on, 12, 30, 154
Gender, and effect of home life on civic participation, 77
Gerber, Alan, 55
German Weimar Republic, 14n Green, Donald, 55 Groupthink, 134
Health care concerns as discussion topic, 33 Heterogeneity of community, and voter
turnout, 95n
High school students, 6, 22 free time of, 39, 158
knowledge about politics and current events, 39, 85n, 156, 158–159
news media use of, 85n, 158–159 political activities of, 34, 36–38, 46, 47,
152–153
political ideology of, 82–85, 156 preference for community involvement,
36–37
service learning opportunities of, 40–42, 117, 140
transition to first year of college, 35–42, 116–117
variables measured in, 152, 153, 156, 158 voluntary organization membership of,
34, 35–38, 40–42, 152 Homogeneity of peer group, 91, 93–95,
107–108, 129
survey evidence on, 100–103, 157 Huckfeldt, Robert, 12, 18, 74, 94n, 94–95
Ideology, political
changes during college years, 117 compared to effect of civic talk, 112–113 disagreements on, 8, 31–32, 93–95, 107 in high school, 82, 156
and homogeneity of peer group, 100– 103
minimal impact of civic talk on, 115, 125 and persuasion attempts, 65
survey evidence on, 82–85, 117, 156 Importance of civic participation, 3, 9, 14–
15
norms on, 58, 68–69, 154, 155 perceptions on. See Perceived importance
of civic participation Income, 3
and voter turnout, 133 Individual-level characteristics, 3–4, 7, 9,
71–89, 129
existing research on, 19, 19n focus group evidence on, 87–88
influence of, compared to civic talk, 8, 44, 47, 110–113, 129
interaction with environmental stimuli, 71–89
survey evidence on, 75–87, 155–156 Information resources
correlation with other causal mechanisms, 58–59
focus group evidence on, 64–65, 131 multivariate analysis of, 59–63
180 |
Index |
Information resources (continued)
peers as, 18, 53–54, 57, 59, 64–65, 95– 96, 154
quantity and quality of, 137 survey evidence on, 57, 58–63, 154 and voter turnout, 53–54, 62, 63
Interest group contributions, cost-benefit analysis of, 52, 52n
Interest in politics and current events, 3, 7, 131
changes during college years, 117 and civic engagement, 54, 64n, 78–79
civic talk affecting, 49, 59, 62, 63–64, 114 focus group evidence on, 65–66
in high school, 155, 156 norms on, 154, 155
of parents, 77, 78, 110–111, 155, 156 of roommate, 7, 32, 58, 59, 60n, 68–69,
103–106, 157
survey evidence on, 57, 59, 62, 63–64,
154, 156, 157
and voluntary organization participation, 59, 60–61, 63–64
and voter turnout, 59, 62, 63–64, 79, 80 Intimacy, social, 8, 91, 92–93, 108, 129
in physical proximity, 92–93 survey evidence on, 96–100 trust as measure of, 96–97
Iowa caucuses (2008), 1–2, 9, 141 Italy, regional differences in, 15
Kerry, John, 139
Kids Voting USA, 141n
Knowledge about politics and current events
and civic competence, 18, 66
and civic engagement, 18, 37–38, 66 civic talk affecting, 114, 129 compared to effect of civic talk, 111 compared to free time and news media
use, 39–40
correlation with other causal mechanisms, 58–59
cost-benefit analysis of information sources in, 53–54
enhancing civic talk effect, 108 in high school, 39, 84n, 156, 158
of peer or roommate, 7, 91, 95–96, 103– 106, 157
source of information in. See Information resources
survey evidence on, 40, 57, 85–87, 89, 103–106, 156, 158
La Follette, Bob, 82n Lake, Ronald La Due, 18
Lasting effect of civic talk, 8, 116–124, 129–130
Latané, Bibb, 56
Laver, Michael, 11
Learn and Serve America, 41 Liberal ideology, 31, 82–85, 156
The Logic of Collective Action (Olson), 52 Lupia, Arthur, 93n
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 56, 93
Matching procedure in data pre-processing, 22–23, 23n, 128, 161–163
benefits of, 22–23, 135–136 pre-treatment variables used in, 161–162 on voluntary civic organization participa-
tion, 43–44, 44n
on voter turnout, 46, 47, 47n MatchIt package, 161
McCain, John, 65
McClurg, Scott D., 18, 25n, 74
McCubbins, Matthew D., 93n Measurement methods
on civic participation, 33–42 on civic talk, 30–33
Media. See News media use Menand, Louis, 127 Mendelberg, Tali, 92, 130
Michigan School of political behavior, 19n Mobilization, civic, 4n, 121
peer-based, 138–139 Modeling, behavioral, 58, 59, 68
Motivation for civic participation, 52–56, 69, 117, 117n
attributions on, 48–49, 50 cost-benefit analysis of, 52–56, 69, 73–
75
and response to environmental stimuli, 72–75
Multivariate analysis of causal mechanisms, 59–63
Mutz, Diana, 93–94, 94n
National and Community Service Act (1990), 41
National and Community Service Trust Act (1993), 41
Newcomb, Theodore, 17n News media use
changes during college years, 117, 158, 159
Index |
181 |
civic talk affecting, 114, 115
compared to effect of civic talk, 112, 113 compared to free time and political
knowledge, 39–40
in high school, 85n, 158 as information resource, 64 as source of civic talk, 33
Non-political civic participation, 14, 15–16 compared to political participation, 16,
35–38
examples of activities in, 15–16 measurement of, 34, 35, 116
peer characteristics affecting, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 106, 107
prior experience with, 38 trends in, 35–42
voluntary organization membership in. See Voluntary civic organization participation
Norms, 17, 55–56, 58, 129 correlation with other causal mecha-
nisms, 58–59 definition of, 55
focus group evidence on, 68–69
on importance of civic participation, 58, 68–69, 154, 155
modeling of, 58, 68 multivariate analysis of, 59–63
survey evidence on, 58–63, 154, 155 and voluntary organization participation,
61
and voter turnout, 56, 62, 63
Obama, Barack
as discussion topic, 33, 36, 49, 64, 65 Iowa caucus votes for, 1–2, 141 Wisconsin campaign rally for, 32, 32n,
36, 49, 66 Olson, Mancur, 52
Omitted variable bias, 5, 19, 21, 128 Optmatch package, 161
Panel Survey in C-SNIP. See Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Panel Survey
Paradigmatic cases, 26
Parent civic interest and activity, 77, 78, 155, 156
compared to effect of civic talk, 110–111 Parent education, 87–89, 156
compared to effect of civic talk, 112, 113 Parks, Rosa, 120n
Path dependence concept, 120–121, 121n
Peers, 5–8, 91–108, 129
civic expertise of, 91, 95–96, 103–106, 108
in civic mobilization efforts, 138–139 cooperative and egalitarian discussions
with, 131–132
disagreements with, 93–95, 100–103 focus group evidence on, 107 frequency of contact with, 138–139 information resources transferred by,
53–54, 57, 59, 64–65, 95–96 recruitment by, 55, 57, 59, 66–68, 92 roommates as. See Roommates similarity with, 91, 93–95, 100–103,
107, 129, 157
social comparison theory on, 72
social intimacy with, 91, 92–93, 96–100 social norms of, 56, 58, 59, 68–69 survey evidence on, 96–106, 157
trust between, 8, 91, 93, 96–97, 157 Perceived importance of civic participation
norms on, 58, 68–69, 154, 155 survey evidence on, 37, 58, 59, 154,
155, 158
Persuasion attempts in civic talk, 49, 65 individual characteristics affecting
response to, 72–75
social intimacy affecting response to, 92–93
Petty, Richard E., 72 Policy implications
of civic talk and participation, 15, 16, 132, 134–135
of deliberation, 12, 132, 134 Political activity participation, 14, 15
changes during college years, 116–117, 119, 123–124
compared to non-political participation, 16, 35–38
effect of civic talk on, 45–48, 119, 123– 124
examples of, 15, 34
of high school students, 34, 36, 38, 46,
47, 116, 153
long term effect of civic talk on, 119, 123–124
measurement of, 34–35
preference for community involvement affecting, 36–37, 46, 140–141, 158
prior experience in, 38
sleeper effect of civic talk on, 123–124 survey evidence on, 34–37, 45–48, 152–
153
182 |
Index |
Political activity participation (continued) trends in, 35–42
voting in. See Voter turnout
Political party representatives, frequency of contact with, 138–139
Political similarity with roommate, 91, 93– 95, 100–103, 107, 129, 157
Popkin, Samuel, 95–96
Predisposition to civic participation, 7, 50 benefits of civic talk in, 89, 133
data matching procedure on, 162 recruitment effectiveness in, 67–68 response to environmental stimuli in,
72–75, 89
Presidential primary elections
Iowa caucuses in (2008), 1–2, 141 recruitment attempts in, 66
as topic of civic talk, 32, 64, 65
voter turnout for (2004), 34–35, 46–48, 124, 153
voter turnout for (2008), 36, 49
Prior civic participation experiences, 7, 38, 50
compared to effect of civic talk, 110–111 data matching procedure on, 162 self-reinforcement in, 120–123
survey evidence on, 75–78
in voluntary civic organizations, 43, 44, 45, 75–78
and voter turnout, 45–48, 75–78 Prisoners Dilemma task, 132
Protest activities, participation in, 14–15, 34, 51, 82n, 149, 152, 153
Putnam, Robert, 15, 56, 89
Random assignment of roommates, 6–7, 20–21, 21n, 23
Reciprocal causation, 5, 19, 21, 128 Recruitment, 3n, 7, 55, 129
correlation with other causal mechanisms, 58–59
face-to-face style of, 55, 55n
focus group evidence on, 66–68, 69, 87– 88
multivariate analysis of, 59–63 by rational prospectors, 121
social intimacy affecting response to, 92 survey evidence on, 57, 58–63, 69, 154,
155
and voluntary organization participation, 61, 63–64, 69
and voter turnout, 55, 55n, 62, 63–64, 66
Research design, 5–6, 20–26, 135–137 bias in, 5, 19–23, 128
crucial cases in, 25–26, 26n, 135
in C-SNIP Focus Group Study, 147– 149
in C-SNIP Panel Survey, 143–147, 151– 159
data matching procedure in. See Matching procedure in data pre-processing
future agenda in, 8, 135–137 random assignment in, 5–6, 7, 20–23,
21n
validity of, internal and external, 24–25 Resources
in cost-benefit analysis of civic participation, 3, 53–54, 74
focus group evidence on, 64–65 free time, 3, 39–40, 158 income, 3, 133
information. See Information resources survey evidence on, 57, 58–63, 154
Roommates characteristics of, 157
civic engagement of, 103–106 civic expertise of, 103–106, 157
disagreements and conflict avoidance with, 31–32, 65, 107
enjoyment of time spent with, 98–100, 105–106, 157
frequency of civic talk with, 154
as information resource, 57, 64–65, 154
interest in politics and current events, 7, 32, 58, 59, 60n, 103–106, 157
modeling behavior of, 68 perceived activity level of, 154, 155 random assignment of, 6–7, 20–21,
21n, 23
recruitment by, 57, 58–64, 66–68 similarity with, 100–103, 108, 157 topics discussed with, 30–33
trust in, 96–97, 157
Saxe, Leonard, 96
Selection bias, 5, 19, 21, 128 Self-reinforcement process, 120–123 Self-report measures
on civic participation, 34–35 on civic talk, 30–33
Service learning opportunities in high school, 40–42, 117, 140
Silbiger, Sara, 127
Index |
183 |
Similarity with roommate or peer, 91, 93– 95, 100–103, 108, 129
in overall general characteristics, 91, 100, 101, 108, 129, 157
political, 91, 93–95, 100–101, 102, 108, 129, 157
Sleeper effects, 123–124 Social comparison theory, 72 Social impact theory, 56
Social intimacy. See Intimacy, social Socialization, political, 17, 77, 121 Social-level variables, 5–6, 17–18, 19
peer characteristics. See Peers Social networks, 17–18
amount of civic talk in, 5, 12, 18, 30–32 in civic mobilization, 138–139 cooperative and egalitarian discussions in,
131–132, 133–134
design of research on, 5–6, 20–26, 135– 137
disagreements in, 93–95
non-political and political discussions in, 12–13
peers in. See Peers
social comparison theory on, 72
social intimacy in, 108. See also Intimacy, social
Sprague, John, 12, 18, 74
Student government involvement, 34–35, 67, 151, 151n, 152
Survey evidence in C-SNIP. See Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Panel Survey
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 17, 17n Trust
in government, 115, 134
in roommate or peer, 8, 91, 93, 96–97, 157
in society, 56
University of Wisconsin, Madison C-SNIP Focus Group Study in, 6, 23n,
23–24. See also Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Focus Group Study
C-SNIP Panel Survey in, 6, 21–22. See also Collegiate Social Network Interaction Project (C-SNIP) Panel Survey progressive political culture in, 82, 82n random assignment of roommates in, 21,
21n, 23
Validity of research, internal and external, 24–25
Values on importance of civic participation. See Perceived importance of civic participation
Verba, Sidney, 3, 3n, 53n, 74, 121
Voice and Equality (Verba, Schlozman, and Brady), 3
Voluntary civic organization participation, 7, 15–16
civic expertise of roommate affecting, 103–106
of college students in fourth year, 116– 117, 152
compared to political activities, 35–38 cost-benefit analysis of, 63–64
data matching procedure on, 43–44, 44n effect of civic talk on, 42–45, 51, 60–61, 75–88, 96–107, 110–113, 116–124 information resources on, 59, 61, 64–65
knowledge about politics and current events affecting, 85–87
lasting effect of civic talk on, 116–124 measurement of, 34, 35, 116
parent civic interest or activity affecting, 77–78
parent education affecting, 87, 88
peer group homogeneity affecting, 100– 103
policy implications of, 15–16, 132 political efficacy affecting, 60–61, 79–81 political ideology affecting, 82–85
prior experience in, 43–45, 75–76 recruitment affecting, 61, 63, 69 self-reinforcement in, 120–123
in service learning opportunities, 40–42, 117, 140
social intimacy affecting, 96–100 survey evidence on, 35–36, 40, 42–45,
51, 60–61, 75–88, 96–107, 110–113, 116–124, 151, 152
types of organizations in, 35, 151, 152 Voter turnout
civic engagement affecting, 54, 59, 62, 63, 69, 78–79
civic expertise of roommate affecting, 103–106
of college students in fourth year, 116, 119–120, 123–124, 153
cost-benefit analysis of, 52–56, 63–64 data matching procedure on, 46, 47,
47n
184 |
Index |
Voter turnout (continued) |
political efficacy affecting, 62, 63, 78–81 |
and education level, 4 |
political ideology affecting, 82–85 |
effect of civic talk on, 46–48, 51, 62–63, |
prior civic participation experience |
75–88, 96–107, 110–113, 116–124 |
affecting, 46, 47–48, 75–77, 78, 120– |
heterogeneity of community affecting, 95n |
121 |
by income, 133 |
recruitment affecting, 55, 55n, 62, 63, |
information resources affecting, 53–54, |
66 |
62, 63 |
self-reinforcement in, 120–121 |
knowledge about politics and current |
social intimacy affecting, 96–100 |
events affecting, 85–87 |
social networks affecting, 139 |
long term effect of civic talk on, 119, |
social norms affecting, 56, 62, 63 |
123–124 |
survey evidence on, 34–35, 40, 46–48, |
measurement of, 34–35, 116, 153 |
51, 62–63, 75–88, 96–107, 110–113, |
parent civic interest or activity affecting, |
116–124, 120, 153, 153 |
75–77, 78 |
trends in, 34, 116, 132–133, 153 |
parent education affecting, 87, 88 |
|
peer group homogeneity affecting, 100– |
Wolbrecht, Christina, 60n |
103 |
Wolf, Sharon, 56 |
CASEY A. KLOFSTAD is an Assistant Professor of Political Science
at the University of Miami.