M d Tippet
The Tippet Partnership
2. We notice from our files that your 2007 Income Tax return has not been completed yet.
3. Yours faithfully
M D Tippet
The Tippet Partnership
Enc.
4. We would recommend that you make payments on account of $2.345 on 1 January 2007 and $2,346 on 1 July to avoid interest charges.
5. Dear Sir/Madam
6. Dear Mr. Pendergast
7. We also enclose the Corporation Tax return and trust that you will be able to agree our figures in due course.
8. Dear Ms Post
We have recently received a copy of your 2006/2007 tax assessment.
As this is incorrect we have lodged a Notice of Appeal.
9. On behalf of Collins Enterprises Ltd. we enclose a copy of the financial accounts for the year ended 30 March 2007 together with a copy of our Corporation Tax computation.
10. We would like to complete it and would be grateful if you could let us have the details of dividends received from your UK shareholdings for the year ended 5 April 2007.
Yours sincerely
Md Tippet
The Tippet Partnership
2. Put them in the correct order to produce three correct letters.
Letter 1: 6. … …
Letter 2: … … 7. …
Letter 3: 8. … …
Unit 9 accounting ethics
GETTING STARTED
1. Why do ethical issues of business draw so much attention in the society nowadays? Discuss the question with your partner and then compare your findings with the information below.
The fear of losing a job, the need to earn a profit to keep a project going, stealing a competitor’s secret formula, and inflating a budget proposal are not new feelings and behaviours. They are, however, indicators that meeting goals in tough and competitive economic times can lead to cutting ethical corners. The ethical crisis is infecting business, politics, education, law, medicine, and every other industry and occupation worldwide.
Broadcast and print media repeatedly uncover unethical behaviour. Some 200 major U.S. firms have appointed ethics officers to serve as ombudsmen and encourage whistleblowing (the reporting of unethical practices to outsiders such as government officials, the press, or organization managers). Almost every day a news story informs us about a business manager or employee caught doing something illegal or unethical. But how many unethical acts aren’t reported? No one knows for sure.
2. Look at the cartoons below and in small groups discuss the messages they convey. Get ready to report your findings to others.
a) b)
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c) |
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d) |
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juggle n, v 1. 1) фокус, ловкость рук, трюк 2) обман, плутовство 2. 1) показывать фокусы; жонглировать 2) обманывать, вводить в заблуждение,
USEFUL VOCABULARY
code of ethics code of conduct |
моральный (этический) кодекс кодекс поведения |
integrity n |
честность |
(in)compatible with a |
(не)совместимый |
wrongdoing n |
проступок, правонарушение, преступление |
fraud n |
обман; мошенничество, жульничество; подделка |
fraudulent a |
жульнический, мошеннический |
scam n |
афера, жульничество |
sleaze n |
аморальность (особенно о политике) |
creative accounting |
манипуляции с бухгалтерской отчетностью (в целях скрыть или приукрасить реальное положение дел) |
embezzlement n |
растрата, хищение, присвоение (обманным путем) |
overstate v |
завышать |
insider trading |
инсайдерные торговые операции с ценными бумагами (незаконные торговые операции с ценными бумагами на основе внутренней информации о деятельности компании-эмитента) |
money laundering |
отмывание денег |
cook the books |
делать приписки в отчетности |
bribe n syn kickback, sweetener, backhander |
взятка |
market rigging |
манипулирование рынком, искусственно повышая или понижая цены (курсы) |
price fixing |
фиксация (фиксирование) цен(ы) (установление и поддержание цены на определенном уровне, часто не соответствующем реальной рыночной конъюнктуре; обычно по договоренности нескольких фирм, действующих как единый монополист) |
READING
Text 1
1. Read the following article and find out what organizations are involved in establishing codes of ethics for accountants in the USA and internationally.