9. Замените русские слова в скобках соответствующими формами глаголов.

One of the two accused men (осуждать) at yesterday’s trial. Although his lawyer (защищать) him very well, he still (признать виновным) by the jury. The judge (приговорить к наказанию) him to two years in prison. He’ll probably (освобождать) after eighteen months. The other accused man was luckier. He (оправдать) and left the courtroom smiling broadly.

10. Дискуссия - “Capital punishment: For and Against”

Прочитайте текст и аргументы, касающиеся “за” и “против” применения смертной казни. Подготовьте и обсудите в группе ваше личное мнение по данному вопросу, используя формулы речевого общения.

I strongly believe (that) …	Я твердо убежден, что …
I’m sure (that) …	Я уверен, что …
In my opinion …	По моему мнению …
I’m not sure, but …	Я не уверен, но…
I’m keeping an open mind for the moment.	Пока у меня нет никакого мнения на этот счет …
In general	В общем
But also important is …	Важным является также …
Unfortunately …	К сожалению …
Furthermore …	Кроме того …

The death penalty by hanging for murder and some other crimes was first suspended in 1965, and was completely abolished in 1969 in Great Britain. But opinion polls consistently show that over half of the public is in favour of the death penalty, especially for terrorist offences and the murder of policemen. The general public seems to support harsh treatment of criminal offenders, and argue that more sympathy and aid should be given to the victims of crimes. The UN has declared itself in favor of abolition, Amnesty International actively campaigns for abolition, and the issue is now the focus of great debate.

Supporters of capital punishment believe that death is a just punishment for certain serious crimes. Many also believe that it deters others from committing such crimes. Capital punishment is the only way to deter criminals, it must not be abolished.

Opponents argue that execution is cruel and uncivilized. The death penalty can only be imposed for especially grave crimes against life and may not be imposed against women, men under eighteen years of age.

The goal of punishment under the new criminal code in Russia is the re-establishment of social justice, the rehabilitation of the convicted person, and the prevention of the commission of new crimes (Art. 43 CC). The widely used Soviet punishment of banishment was abolished toward the end of the perestroika period, but the 1996 Criminal Code still includes the death penalty and other common forms of punishment: fine, prohibition to engage in a profession, confiscation of property, and deprivation of liberty among others. The death penalty can only be imposed for especially grave crimes against life and may not be imposed against women, men under eighteen years of age at the time of the commission of the offense, or men over sixty years of age at the time of judgment (Art. 59 CC). Whereas fifteen years was the maximum period of imprisonment under the old code, the 1996 code introduces life imprisonment as an alternative to the death penalty.

Reasons “for”	Reasons “Against”
- It protects unarmed policemen, young children, civilized society; - “Life sentence”: ten years “good conduct” and then freedom to live on the proceeds of crime; - Suspension of capital punishment: senseless; - Violent criminals: a hero figure, glorified on screen and by press; - They expect and receive VIP treatment,	- Capital punishment creates, it doesn’t solve problems; - This has been proved many times in the past: relaxation of harsh laws has never led to increase in crime rate; - It’s absurd: capital punishment never protected anyone; - Hanging, electric chairs are barbaric practices, unworthy of human beings; - Suspension of capital punishment is civilized.

LAW ENFORCEMENT – POLICE

Unit 1

I. Lead-in

1. Согласны ли вы со следующими утверждениями?

1. Police enjoy trust and respect of citizens.

2. People do not like policemen and seldom turn to them for help.

3. Police often hire people without proper education and high moral principles.

4. Without the police in the street it would be chaos.

5. Policemen always behave properly and never break laws themselves.

6. Policemen are always ready to help people in case of emergency.

2. Прочитайте вслух слова, обратите внимание на их произношение.

aware, social, legitimized, offence, judicial, sue, abuse, court, councilor, procuracy, inquest, preliminary, accusatory pleading.

3. Соотнесите английские словосочетания с их русскими эквивалентами.

1. to obey the law	a. совершить преступление
2. to enforce the law	b. предстать перед судом
3. to maintain law and order	c. судебное преследование правонарушителей
4. to commit offences	d. соблюдать закон
5. legal process	e. предотвращать преступность
6. to prosecute offenders before courts	f. смертный приговор
7. to apprehend criminals	g. выплачивать вознаграждение
8. to impose a fine	h. налагать суровые наказания
9. to abuse powers	i. давать показания
10. mistreat	j. нанять сыщиков
11. to be suspected of crime	k. находиться в прямом подчинении
12. to inflict cruel penalties upon	l. поддерживать правопорядок
13. to come under direct supervision	m. проявлять жестокость
14. to employ thief-takers	n. подозревать в совершении преступления
15. failing to clear up crime	o. контроль за общественным порядком
16. to pay rewards	p. налагать штраф
17. to prevent a crime	q. превышать полномочия
18. to give evidence	r. судебный процесс
19. community policing	s. применять закон
20. sentence of death	t. потерпеть неудачу в раскрытии преступлений
21. to bring before the court	u. плохое обращение
22. to behave with brutality	v. арестовывать преступников