7. Translate these passages in writing:

a) A server has a static IP address that does not change very often. A home machine that is dialing up through a modem, on the other hand, typically has an IP address assigned by the ISP every time you dial in. That IP address is unique for your session ─ it may be different the next time you dial in.

b) Any server machine makes its services available using numbered ports ─ one for each service that is available on the server.

c) Protocols are often text and simply describe how the client and server will have their conversation. Every Web server on the Internet conforms to the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).

8. Answer the following questions using the information from the eighth and the ninth parts of text 2.

1. What makes the Internet possible? 2. What are clients? 3. Give examples of servers that serve the needs of Internet users all over the world? 4. What kind of IP address does a server have? 5. What kind of IP address does a client have? 6. What does any server machine use to make its services available? 7. What function do Protocols perform? 8. What does every Web server on the Internet conform to?

9. Look through the eighth and the ninth parts of text 2 once more and mark the statements as true (t) or false (f).

1.	□	All of the machines on the Internet are either servers or clients.
2.	□	Services are provided to other machines by clients.
3.	□	The machines that are used to connect to those services are servers.
4.	□	The server machine finds the requested page and sends it to us.
5.	□	A server has a dynamic IP address that constantly changes.
6.	□	A home machine typically has an IP address assigned by the ISP every time we dial in.
7.	□	Any server machine makes its services available using a special port ─ one for all the services that are available on the server.
8.	□	The hypertext transfer protocol is simply a description of how the client and server will have their conversation.

10. Make summary of the eighth and the ninth parts of text 2 using opening phrases on page __ .

11. Read the text and put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense aspect form. A) Match each paragraph with the appropriate summary.

a	□	Annual research about the future of the Internet
b	□	The Internet can bring a period of peace and friendship
c	□	The usage of the Internet in learning
d	□	Changes in relations between countries and cultures.
e	□	Information instead of ability to think
f	□	An atrophy of concentration and focus
g	□	Interdependence of recording and accessing information and the way we think

The Internet and Human Intelligence

¹ Nicholas Carr (to write) an article titled "Is Google making us stupid?" In it, Carr (to say) he (to notice) that as his reliance on the Internet for research and entertainment (to increase), other faculties seemed to atrophy. One of those (to be) his concentration or focus. He (to hypothesize) that because the way you navigate the Internet in general ─ and the World Wide Web in particular ─ you're always leaping from one piece of information to another.

² Could the Internet affect the way humans (to think)? On the one hand, we (to have) unprecedented access to an enormous library of information. Answers to questions ranging from "What is the Big Bang theory?" to "How long should I let dough rise?" (to be) just a couple of clicks away. But that information (to come) at the cost of our own ability to think?

³ There does seem to be a correlation to the way we (to record) and (to access) information and the way we (to think). As we (to develop) systems that (to allow) us to save our knowledge for posterity, we (to unload) that burden onto an inanimate object. That necessarily (not to mean) we (to become) less intelligent.

⁴ Not everyone (to agree) with Carr's hypothesis. The Pew Research Center (to perform) a survey each year about the future of the Internet. The research group (to poll) a group of experts and industry analysts on a series of questions. For the 2010 report, one of the questions (to ask) the respondents if they (to think) Carr (to be) right about Google ─ and the Internet in general ─ making us stupid. Eighty-one percent of the experts (to disagree).

⁵ But it's true that access to information (not to equate) to intelligence. You might be able to look up a fact, but that (not to mean) you understand what the fact (to mean) or its context. The Internet (to be) a tool that we can use to help us learn ─ it (not to replace) learning itself.

⁶ Optimists (to hope) that the Internet (to teach) us about ourselves. The reach of the Internet (to creep) into countries and cultures that (to segregate) from the rest of the world. Some (to hope) the Internet (to provide) the common ground that (to allow) various people to learn and understand each other, possibly bringing about an era of peace and cooperation.

⁷ Ultimately, the Internet could begin to erase traditional boundaries between countries and cultures. But that sort of global change (not to be) trivial. It might take decades before we (to see) a noticeable difference in the way we (to think) of one another. Cynics may think even a tool as useful and pervasive as the Internet (not to overcome) the hurdles we face in becoming a united world.

(By Jonathan Strickland)