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- •Philosophy
- •Renaissance is a rather complicated phenomenon of Western culture of the middle XIV
- •The western Renaissance generally divided into three periods:
- •Many of the ideas of the Renaissance originated much earlier than the beginning
- •But at the same time in Italy, originated some ideas, which were opposed
- •Main cause of the Renaissance was considered economic cause, as this was a
- •Economically free people required to justify their activities through a new outlook, other
- •A role in appearance the Renaissance that particular form of Christianity plays, which
- •On the other hand, in Catholicism, philosophy has evolved more than in the
- •In this approach, God becomes not the center of the world, but the
- •First thinker of the Renaissance called Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) while he lived in
- •Dante didn’t set terrestrial nature in opposition to the divine world, vice versa,
- •Actually as the first
- ••Human life is given only once and it’s unique;
- ••Probably afterlife doesn’t exist, and immortality can be achieved only in people’s memories;
- •Renaissance humanism is not protect human rights, but it is studies of man
- •Middle Ages for humanists represented as a “kingdom of darkness” that followed the
- •Into an art form humanists also sought to find something new, refusing from
- •The most significant after the philosopher-humanist Petrarca can be called
- •Florentine Platonic
- •George Gemistus Plethon (1355–1452) – an orthodox priest from Constantinople.
- •Marsilio Ficino (1433- 1499) – successor of Plethon. He translated the works of
- •The world is ordered. The hierarchy of the world has, according to Ficino,
- •Pico della Mirandola
- •Man is the fourth world, he is absolutely free and can therefore put
- •Younger contemporary (современник) of humanists was Nicholas of Cusa
- •He is trying to return to the spirit of the early church fathers
- •However, at that era there were also pragmatic approaches to philosophy. Such pragmatist
- •States appear and disappear according to the laws of fortune.
- •Christianity too believes in the afterlife and does not appreciate reality.
- •Philosophy of
- •Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (1469- 1536) (Holland)
- •He opposed super’stitions (суеверие), pseudoscience, scholastic philosophy and theology.
- •Martin Luther (1483-1546) “Faith alone justifies man”
- •Man has no free will, all his actions are predetermined over.
- •The most significant philosopher of the Renaissance in France is
- •Montaigne calls to renounce (отказаться) all authorities and schools, because they can not
- •Nicolaus Copernicus
- •Giordano Bruno (1548 – was made a bonfire of, 1600)
- •God and the world are identical essences.
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First thinker of the Renaissance called Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) while he lived in the heyday (расцвет) of scholastic philosophy.
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Dante didn’t set terrestrial nature in opposition to the divine world, vice versa, indicated that nature itself has divine essence. Thus man is involved in two natures: the terrestrial and heavenly.
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Actually as the first
Renaissance philosopher is
Francesco Petrarca (1304- 1374), perhaps better known as a great poet, but nevertheless founded humanistic philosophy in the Renaissance.
(“On my and another’s ignorance” and “My Secret“)
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•Human life is given only once and it’s unique;
•A person should not live for God;
•A person can be free;
•A person can achieve happiness, relying only on himself and his capacity;
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•Probably afterlife doesn’t exist, and immortality can be achieved only in people’s memories;
•A person mustn’t be brought as a sacrifice to God, and should enjoy life and love;
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Renaissance humanism is not protect human rights, but it is studies of man as he is. Feature of humanism is in the attention to antiquity.
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Middle Ages for humanists represented as a “kingdom of darkness” that followed the ancient culture.
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Into an art form humanists also sought to find something new, refusing from Middle Ages’ “Summas”.
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The most significant after the philosopher-humanist Petrarca can be called
Lorenzo Valla (1407- 1457), (“On the pleasure”). He was a philosopher,
reviving (возрождающий)
Epicurean philosophy.
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Florentine Platonic
Academy:
1.George Gemistus
Plethon,
2.Marsilio Ficino
3.Pico della Mirandola.