4. As a rule divorce proceedings are held in the court-building because ....

1. the former spouses can get the official document about the dissolution of marriage only in court;

2. it's the most difficult kind of cases to be decided without a justice;

3. parties must be presented by their solicitors.

5. All evidence of parties and witnesses are recorded by ... .

1. a justice;

2. a registrar;

3. a debtor.

6. All court costs are usually paid by ... .

1. the party having lost the action;

2. the injured person;

3. the person having won the action.

Exercise 2.11. Choose the meaning of the words used in the text "Civil Proceedings in the United Kingdom ".

1. relief a. a relaxed happy feeling you get because

something bad has not happened or a bad

situation has ended

b. the reduction of pain or the effect of an illness

c. the right to not have to pay the full amount of tax or interest on an amount of money

2. to initiate

a. to start a legal case or process

b. to introduce someone to a skill, subject, or activity and teach them about it

c. to make someone a member of an organization or group, often with a special ceremony

3. registrar

a. a doctor in a hospital who has qualified and is training to be a consultant

b. someone whose job is to keep official records, especially of births, deaths and marriages

c. someone who consults the justice during the civil action

4. action

a. fighting that is part of a war

b. the events that form part of a play or film

c. the process of bringing a case to a court of law

5. debt

a. an obligation to be grateful to someone because they have done something for you

b. an amount of money that you owe

с. payment which must be, but has not yet been, paid to somebody

Exercise 2.12. Answer the following questions to the text "Civil Proceedings in the United Kingdom ".

1. What business does the civil law cover?

2. Who institutes civil proceedings in England and Wales?

3. What way are civil actions in the High Court begun?

4. What way are County court proceedings initiated?

5. What does the writ of summons state?

6. What relief is used according to the UK civil law?

7. What must the defendant do if he intends to contest the claim?

8. What are pleadings?

9. What are the ways of civil actions ending?

10. Why are divorce proceedings decided in court?

11. What kinds of cases are tried by the judge?

12. What does the summons contain?

1. What may the court order be in regard to children whose parents involved in divorce proceedings?

13. What judgements may be used in civil cases?

14. What may refusal to obey a judgement result in?

Exercise 2.13. Read the text "How Can Disputes Be Resolved privately? " and express your opinion.