Villa – a big house in the country with a large garden (дифференцирующая по размеру, местонахождению, пристройкам)

Exercise 9: cry – to produce tears from your eyes, usually because you are unhappy or hurt (ассертивная сема)

Yell – to shout or say something very loudly, especially because you are frightened, angry, or excited (коннотативная, эмоциональная, дифференцирующая по громкости голоса и ситуации)

Shout – to say something very loudly (дифференцирующая по громкости голоса)

Scream – to make a loud high noise with your voice because you are hurt, frightened, excited etc

(коннотативная, эмоциональная, дифференцирующая по громкости голоса и ситуации)

Barrack – to interrupt someone, especially a performer or a player, by shouting criticism at them (дифференцирующая по добавочному действию, объекту, содержанию)

Cheer – to shout as a way of showing happiness, praise, approval, or support of someone or something (дифференцирующая по ситуации, эмоциональная)

Holler – to shout loudly (дифференцирующая по громкости голоса)

Hoot – if a vehicle or ship hoots, it makes a loud clear noise as a warning (дифференцирующая по субъекту, значению, громкости звука)

Vociferate – to shout loudly, especially when you are complaining (дифференцирующая по громкости голоса, ситуации)

Exercise 10: Cup – a small round container, usually with a handle, that you use to drink tea (ассертивная)

Goblet – a cup made of glass or metal, with a base and a stem but no handle (дифференцирующая материалу (дизъюнктивная), строению)

Mug – a tall cup used for drinking tea, coffee etc (дифференцирующая по строению, функции)

Glass – a container used for drinking made of glass (дифференцирующая по материалу)

Loving-cup – a large ornamental wine vessel, usually made of silver and having two or more handles (дифференцирующая по материалу, строению, функции)

Plate – a flat and usually round dish that you eat from or serve food on (дифференцирующая по строению, форме, функции)

Tea-cup – a cup that you serve tea in (интегрирующая)

Exercise 11: chair – a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, which has a back, a seat, and four legs (ассертивная сема)

Rocking chair – a chair that has two curved pieces of wood fixed under its legs, so that it moves backwards and forwards smoothly (дифференцирующая по строению, функциям)

Swivel-chair – a chair whose seat part can be turned while the legs remain in the same position (дифференцирующая по строению)

Arm-chair – a comfortable chair with sides that you can rest your arms on (дифференцирующая по строению, оценочная)

Wing-chair – a comfortable chair with a high back and pieces pointing forward on each side where you can rest your head (дифференцирующая по строению, оценочная)

Wheelchair – a chair with wheels, used by people who cannot walk (дифференцирующая по строению, пользователю)

High-chair – a special tall chair that a young child sits in to eat (дифференцирующая по строению, пользователю)

Exercise 12: Obligation

• Etymology: c.1300, from O.Fr. obligation (early 13c.), from L. obligationem (nom. obligatio) "an engaging or pledging," lit. "a binding" (but rarely used in this sense), noun of action from obligare (see oblige). The notion is of binding with promises or by law or duty. It appeared because of Norman conquest, French borrowings.

• Lexical context: Synonyms: Duty - something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right

 Responsibility - a duty to be in charge of someone or something, so that you make decisions and can be blamed if something bad happens

Obligation - a moral or legal duty to do something

(the words are related semantically)

Obligation = obligate + suffix –tion-

• Semantic field: Past meaning is closely related with the present one «an engaging or pledging”.