- •Key Terms
- •2.0 The Life-Span Perspective
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 2 The Science of Life-Span Development
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section II Beginnings Chapter 3 Biological Beginnings Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section III Infancy Chapter 5 Physical Development in Infancy Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 6 Cognitive Development in Infancy Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Chapter 7 Socioemotional Development in Infancy Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section IV Chapter 8 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 9 Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section V Middle and Late Childhood Chapter 10 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 11 Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section VI Adolescence Chapter 12 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 13 Socioemotional Development in Adolescence Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section VII Early Adulthood Chapter 14 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Сhapter 15 Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood Summary
- •Key terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section VIII Middle Adulthood Chapter 16 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 17 Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section IX Late Adulthood Chapter 18 Physical Development in Late Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 19 Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood Summary
- •Key terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 20 Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 21 Death and Dying Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Research Project 2 Journal Article Critique
- •Research Project 2 Genetic Counseling Available to You
- •Research Project 1 Why Do Some Pregnant Women Drink, Smoke, or Use Drugs?
- •Research Project 2 Fatherhood
- •Research Project 1 Cross Motor Activity
- •Research Project 1 Object Permanence
- •Research Project 2 Mother-Infant Language
- •Research Project 1 Attachment Behaviors
- •Research Project 2 Development of Self in Infants
- •Project 1 Memory Span
- •Research Project 2 Language Errors
- •Research Project 1 Parten's Play Styles
- •Research Project 2 Altruism-Empathy Observations
- •Research Project 1 Current Exercise Levels
- •Research Project 2 Conservation Tasks
- •Research Project 1 Children Attitudes Towards School
- •Research Project 2 Gender Roles and Television
- •Research Project 2 Piaget’s Pendulum Problem
- •Research project 1 Interviewing Friends about Dating
- •Research Project 2 Marcia’s Statuses of Identity
- •Research Project 1 College Students and the Use of Alcohol
- •Research Project 2 Motivation – The Values of Adolescents
- •Research Project 1 The Marriage Quiz
- •Research Project 2 Gender and Age Roles in Magazine Advertisements
- •Research Project 1 Song Lyric Values
- •Research Project 2 Archival Research
- •Research Project 1 Adult Stage Theories in Biographies
- •Research Project 2 Your Life Review
- •Research Project 1 Variations in Life-Expectancy
- •Research Project 2 Knowledge of Older Adults
- •Research Project 1 Free Recall among College Students and Older Adults
- •Research Project 2 Physical and Mental Health Care of the Elderly
- •Research Project 1 Collecting a Life Story
- •Research Project 2 Old People at College
- •Research Project 1 Experiencing Others’ Deaths
- •Research Project 2 Hospices in Your Community
Research Project 1 Object Permanence
For this project, in which you may work in groups of two to four, you will need an infant from two of the following four age groups: 4 to 8 months, 8 to 12 months, 12 to 18 months, and 18 to 24 months. In order to do the object permanence task with these two infants, you need to clear your project through the human subjects review board at your school and get a signed informed consent form from the infants’ parents. With each infant, perform each of the following three tasks and record the infants' responses:
Infant Responses:
Task Description Infant 1 Infant 2
Sex Age Sex Age
Show each infant
an interesting object
(e.g., ball
or rattle).
Then cover it with
a piece of cloth.
Note the response.
Now move the cloth
so that part of the rattle
Is exposed. Note the response.
Show the child
the rattle again.
Now move it so that it
disappears behind a screen.
Note the response.
Now do the task again,
but this time have the toy
go behind one screen and
then another one located
close by..
Note the response.
Show the infant the rattle,
then cover it with
a small box. Move the box
behind the screen.
Let the rattle remain
behind the screen, but
Bring the box back into view.
Note the response.
Questions
How do the younger and older infants respond in task one? Do both seem to understand that the rattle is under the cloth? When part of the rattle is exposed, does the baby exhibit surprise? Reach out for the rattle?
In the second task, which infants realized the rattle is behind the screen? Can either baby follow the action when the rattle is moved to a second screen?
How does each of the infants respond when the rattle is in the box?
When the box no longer contains a rattle, does either of the infants look behind the screen?
How does object permanence change as infants get older?
Do your observations agree with Piaget's findings about object permanence?
Research Project 2 Mother-Infant Language
In this project, you will examine recasting, echoing, and expanding using naturalistic observation. Go to a local shopping mall and observe a mother with an infant 18 to 24 months old. Observe them for 15 minutes. Record three instances of speech by the mother to the infant, and classify each instance as recasting, echoing, or expanding. Note on the data sheet the mother's statements and then the infant's response to each statement. Then answer the questions that follow.
DATA SHEET
Speech Response of Infant Age Sex
Statement 1
Statement 2
Statement 3
Questions
1. What types of techniques did the mother use with the infant you observed?
2. How did the infant respond to the statement made by the mother?
3. From your observations, do you think recasting, echoing, and expanding are effective techniques in aiding infants to learn language? Why or why not? What variables might have affected the quality of data you collected? Might your conclusions have been different if you had observed a different mother-infant pair? How?
Chapter 7