- •1. Britain's Population.
- •3. Ethnic and National Minorities in Britain.
- •5. The Monarchy in Britain Today.
- •7. Local government in Britain. County and district councils
- •Unitary authorities
- •Town and parish councils
- •Joint services
- •Local government workers
- •Social work
- •Child care policy
- •Community care policy
- •9. The Police service in Britain.
- •10. Social security in Britain. The Beveridge scheme
- •The basic means-tested benefits
- •Income supplements
- •Social security for unemployed people
- •Pensions
- •Child Benefit
- •11. Britain and the commonwealth.
- •13. Britain and European union.
- •The Take-Over of Britain
- •[Edit]Freedom of expression and conscience
- •[Edit]Right to free assembly
- •[Edit]Right to personal privacy
- •[Edit]No arbitrary searches or seizures
- •[Edit]Right to respect for private and family life
- •[Edit]Right to bodily integrity
- •[Edit]Right to personal liberty
- •[Edit]Freedom of association
- •[Edit]Right to participate in government
- •[Edit]Right to protection of the law
- •[Edit]Right to property
- •[Edit]Economic and social rights
- •[Edit]Gender recognition
- •[Edit]Rights conferred by European Union law
- •[Edit]Rights conferred by international law
- •17. Britain's Dependent Territories.
- •19. The British Council.
- •21. Britain is Defence.
- •23. Britain's Economy.
- •25. Employment in Britain.
- •Centre-based youth work
- •[Edit]Faith-based youth work
- •School-based work
- •[Edit]Youth development
- •[Edit]Youth worker
- •27. Britain's industry Today.
- •29. Britain's Energy and Natural Resources.
- •30. Religion in Britain Today - the Faiths other than Christianity. Anglicanism
- •Roman Catholicism
- •[Edit]Methodism
- •[Edit]Pentecostal
- •[Edit]Salvation Army
- •[Edit]Russian Orthodox Church
- •31. Britain's Agriculture Today.
- •33. Transport and Communiontions in Britain.
- •Visual art
- •35. Science in Britain.
- •37. The Media in Britain - The Press.
- •38. Sport and Recreation in Britain.
29. Britain's Energy and Natural Resources.
What are Britain's Natural resources?
Coal,
petroleum,
natural gas - found in the British sector of the North Sea
zinc
tin,
limestone,
iron ore,
salt,
slate
clay,
chalk,
gypsum,
lead,
silica,
arable land
Mines and Factories
During the 19th century Britain used to have many coal and iron mines and had the natural resources to make textiles, steel and ships. Today, coal and textiles can be produced more cheaply in other countries and so many British factories and mines have closed.
Areas like south Wales, central Scotland, the north of England (the Midlands, Merseyside, Manchester, West Yorkshire and Newcastle) and London were important industrial centres
Coal (non- renewable resources)
Britain has large deposits of coal, mined for more than 300 years. For most of the 19th and 20th centuries, coal was Britains's richest natural resource, meeting most of the nation's requirement for energy. Today, coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries and so many British factories and mines have closed.
In 1970 we were the third largest producer of coal but coal production has declined rapidly sine then. In 2000, only 35 million tonnes of coal was produced compared to 145 million in 1970.
Areas like south Wales, central Scotland, the north of England (the Midlands, Merseyside, Manchester, West Yorkshire and Newcastle) and London were important industrial centres.
Oil and Natural Gas (non- renewable resources)
Oil and gas was formed from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions of years ago in a marine (water) environment before the dinosaurs. Over the years the remains of the plants and animals were covered by layers of mud and soil which eventually turned to rock trapping the remains beneath the rock. Pressure and heat changed some of this organic material into coal, some into oil (petroleum), and some into natural gas -- tiny bubbles of odorless gas.
Oil and gas were discovered under the North Sea during the 1960s and new supplies are still being found today. Gas has been particularly important in replacing coal as a fuel for generating electricity.
Wind Power (renewable resources)
We are using more and more energy every year. In the UK, the majority of electricity is generated by a mix of fossil fuels and nuclear power, releasing millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide into the environment. The business of generating electricity from the wind is growing fast as the world looks for cleaner ways to produce energy. Coal, oil and gas fired power stations could eventually be replaced by wind farms and other forms or renewable energy.
In 1997, there were 550 wind turbines and over 30 wind farms in the UK. The government has made a promise that 10% of the energy of the UK will come from renewable sources by 2010.
Today wind is used to generate electricity using wind turbines. Like windmills, wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. They are 100 feet (30 meters) or more above ground.
Minerals (non- renewable resources)
Britain has relatively few mineral resources. Zinc, tin, iron ore, and copper are all produced in small quantities.
At one time Cornwall boasted 2,000 tin mines and it was a world leader in tin production.
Our main commercial minerals are those used in the construction and building industries such as sand and gravel, limestone and gypsum. They are normally mined from the surface in quarries using heavy machinery. Smaller quarries are also found across England and provide stone for the local building industry. This means that many parts of England have a distinctive appearance according to the local stone available.