Вариант № 1

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод неопределённых местоимений.

1. It was in Russia where the electric arc was fist discovered.

2. It was necessary to increase the functions of the device.

3. Electronics is not a static field of study, but a dynamic one.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод выделенных слов.

1. The increase in temperature means the change in the rate of electron movement.

2. What is the mean temperature here?

3. Nowadays there are means for transmitting energy over long distances.

4. Amber is by no means the only substance to attract light objects.

5. We can change a current by means of transformer.

3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.

1. Over the years the size of integrated circuit has been reduced tremendously.

2. The limit of optical resolution is now being reached.

3. Semiconductors are used in a wide variety of solid-state devices including transistors, integrated circuits, diodes, photodiodes and light-emitting diodes.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык условные предложения.

1. When a sheet of paper is placed over a magnet and iron filings are dropped on it, they will arrange themselves in a pattern.

2. The left-hand rule states that if you grasp the current-carrying wire in your left hand with your thumb pointing in the direction of electron-current flow, your fingers will point in the direction of the flux lines.

3. If the substance is heated the electrons will become far more active.

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива.

1. To transmit electric current is to conduct electrons.

2. To cause an electric current to flow through the circuit it is necessary to have a potential difference between the terminals.

3. Anything that can be heard is a sound.

4. The magnetic polarity of a coil can be found by the left-hand coil rule.

5. Ammeters are used to measure current.

6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите форму и функцию причастия.

1. Having measured the potential difference, the students compared the results obtained.

2. This firm represents complete semiconducting and programmed solutions as components for different circuits.

3. The new model from the series based on plasma panel of 37-inch was shown.

7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите причастную или инфинитивную конструкцию.

1. Two small metal balls are hung from the copper rod, one being supported by a silk string and the other one being supported by a thin copper wire.

2. Ultrasonic waves have been found to destroy different microorganisms.

3. Electrons are known to travel from the cathode to the anode.

4. We consider this instrument to be useful for different purposes.

8. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст. Напишите аннотацию и тезисы к тексту.

Home Cinema

by Tom Farley with Mark van der Hoek

Introduction to Home Cinema. If you are new to home cinema, you may be wondering what it’s all about. In simple terms, home cinema involves adding a separate sound system to an existing television and satellite / video recorder (VCR) to create a more involving atmosphere. At the top end of the home cinema scale, a complete system includes a large screen television or video projector, separate amplifiers, surround sound decoders and full set of speakers, in addition to the latest audio and video sources such as DVD and digital television.

Video Sources. The main component in most systems will be the source from which the sound and picture information is taken. Any source can be connected to a home cinema system. The list of sources available includes satellite television receivers, video recorders, Laserdisc and DVD-Video players. Satellite television (in the UK) and VHS video recorders use 21-pin SCART cables for picture/sound and should have a pair of stereo phono outputs for moving the sound information to external amplifiers. Laserdisc and DVD-Video normally have these outputs also, but usually have a choice of additional outputs for higher-quality pictures, such as component / RGB or S-Video, plus a digital output for connecting the player to an amplifier with digital surround sound capabilities such as Dolby Digital and dts.

Home Cinema Amplifiers. The sound information is passed from the source to an amplification system that provides a signal to the speakers. The majority of home cinema systems use amplifiers that have six separate channels for running six speakers, although depending on the system you are using the number of amplification channels / speakers can vary from two, right up to eight. A basic home cinema amplifier, with six channels of amplification, is found at the heart of the majority of systems. In addition to amplifying the sound information provided by the source, the amplifiers also contain a variety of surround sound decoders plus a range of features that allows you to ‘tweak’ the sound and add special sound processing effects. As well as multi-channel amplifiers, standard two-channel hi-fi amps can be incorporated into a home cinema to provide a big sound through just two speakers. Surround sound capabilities can be added to a stereo amplifier by connecting it to a home cinema processor.

Home Cinema Processors. A processor, in home cinema terms, is a separate unit that is connected to a standard stereo hi-fi amplifier to produce multi-speaker surround sound capabilities. Because a stereo amplifier can only power two speakers, and a home cinema system commonly includes over five speakers plus a surround sound decoder, the processor is used to provide the decoding and amplification that the surround sound system requires. Essentially, the processor contains a surround sound decoder that separates the audio for each speaker into separate channels, and provides the amplification and speaker terminals for the front-center speaker plus a pair of rear surround speakers. The main front speakers continue to be amplified by the stereo hi-fi amp. The advantage of using a processor as opposed to a dedicated home cinema amplifier is that a multi-channel amp is relatively poor when playing stereo sources such as compact disc (CD). People who value the stereo performance of their hi-fi system can continue to use the hi-fi without any reduction in sound quality, but have the option of using the processor to hear true surround sound by including the processor in the system. When the processor is turned off, the stereo performance of the hi-fi amplifier is unaffected.

Surround Sound Decoders. Decoders are sometimes confused with processors, but in reality they are a separate and fundamental part of a home cinema system and can be found as a separate component or included within a multi-channel amplifier or home cinema processor. The decoder is the part of the system that deals with surround sound. The sound information from the source is passed to the decoder before it continues along the line to the amplification. There are three main surround sound decoders used in home cinema. Dolby Pro-Logic decoders take an analogue stereo (two-channel) soundtrack and separate it into a four-channel format that uses two main front speakers, a front center speaker and fourth, mono channel that is distributed through two rear surround speakers. Dolby Digital and its rival from Digital Theatre Systems (dts) are digital formats that have six (or 5.1) separate audio channels - front-left, front-right, front-centre, surround-left, surround right and a sixth channel used to send low bass frequencies to a subwoofer. Recently, both Dolby and dts have released decoders for the latest 6.1 channel digital surround sound formats which include a centre-surround speaker channel known as surround-back. The rule is that a surround sound decoder is included in the system between the source and the amplification, regardless of what particular home cinema hardware you use.

Sound Formats. The most widely used sound format is two-channel stereo which is ideal for most applications. However, movie sound needs to create a more three-dimensional atmosphere that is impossible to create using just two speakers. This is where the multi-channel surround sound formats are utilized. Basic surround is an analogue format based on two-channel stereo. Formats such as Dolby Stereo, and the home cinema equivalent Dolby Surround, hide the front centre and rear surround information within the main stereo soundtrack. The decoder separates these hidden tracks to produce four-channel surround comprising front left and right, front centre and rear surround.

Televisions and Monitors. The picture from your source is displayed on a monitor. This can be anything from a television or widescreen TV, to the latest flatscreen plasma sets or a full video projection system. The choice you make, like all other things, will depend on your budget, on the available space you have in your cinema room, and the quality of picture you need. With the introduction of DVD-Video and digital television, a widescreen television should be high on your list priorities. Widescreen monitors use an aspect ratio of 16 horizontal units to 9 vertical units (16:9), which allows more of the original movie to be shown. You could always use a large screen 4:3 television, but you would view widescreen presentations in ‘Letterbox’ format with black borders above and below the picture. A general rule is to look for a widescreen monitor with the largest possible screen size to suit your budget and the space available. However, it is best to avoid using larger screens when your viewing position is not too far from the screen in order to maintain a clear, high-quality picture.

(5767 p.s.)

Комментарий:

to involve – включать; satellite – спутник; scale – ряд; output – устройство вывода; external – внешний; majority – большинство; to vary – меняться, различаться; to contain – включать в себя; to incorporate – объединять, включать в себя; to power – питать; essentially – по существу; rear – задний; to dedicate – посвящать, предназначать; relatively – относительно; unaffected – настоящий, неподдельный; to confuse – смущать, сбивать с толку; rival – соперник, конкурент; to utilize – использовать, применять; to hide - прятаться.