VI. Oral practice.

Exercise 18. Explain what is:

1. window

2. icon

3. Recycle Bin

4. plug-n-play capability

5. shortcut feature

Exercise 19. Discussion points.

1. Advantages of Windows 98.

2. Ask anyone in your group who has a computer if Windows 98 is better than Windows 2000? Explain your answer.

3. Compare operation systems Windows 98 and Windows 2000.

VII. Reading.

Exercise 20. Translate the text with a dictionary in writing

The Operating System

When a computer is turned on it searches for instructions in its memory. Usually, the first set of these instructions is a special programme called the operating system, which is the software that makes the computer work. It prompts the user (or other machines) for input and commands, reports the results of these commands and other operations, stores and manages data, and controls the sequence of the software and hardware actions. When the user requests that a program run, the operating system loads the program in the computer's memory and runs the program. Popular operating systems, such as Windows 95 and the Macintosh operating system, have a graphical user interface (GUI) – that is, a display that uses tiny pictures, or icons, to represent various commands. To execute these commands, the user clicks the mouse on the icon or presses a combination of keys on the keyboard.

Disk Operating Systems

A disk operating system, or DOS (pronounced dahs) is a program that controls the storage of information on disks. DOS also makes it possible for the computer to use various programs that are already stored on disks. Most packaged programs for computers are available on disks, and the DOS is what gets these programs started. Obviously, the system requires a disk drive.

VIII. Supplementary reading. Bill Gates – the Founder of Microsoft

William Henry Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1955.

He is an American business executive, chairman and chief executive officer of the Microsoft Corporation. Gates was the founder of Microsoft in 1975 together with Paul Allen, his partner in computer language development. While attending Harvard in 1975, Gates together with Allen developed a version of the BASIC computer programming language for the first personal computer.

In the early 1980's, Gates led Microsoft's evolution from the developer of computer programming languages to a large computer software company. This transition began with the introduction of MS-DOS, the operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer in 1981. Gates also led Microsoft towards the introduction of application software such as the Microsoft Word processor.

Much of Gates' success is based on his ability to translate technical visions into market strategy. Although Gates has accumulated great wealth from his holding of Microsoft stock, he has been known as a tough competitor who seems to value winning in a competitive environment over money. Gates still continues to work personally in product development at Microsoft.

Unit 3 Electronics

Ι. Vocabulary.

Exercise 1. Remember the following words and word-combinations:

1. phenomenon (phenomena) – явище

2. to emit – випускати

3. solid – тверда речовина

4. liquid – рідка речовина

5. motion – рух

6. invention – відкриття

7. to enlarge – збільшувати

8. evident – очевидний

9. to extend – розширювати

10. large-scale – широкомасштабний

11. automated unit – автоматизований вузол

12. to ensure – забезпечувати

13. to amount – нараховувати

14. household appliances – господарсько-побутові прилади

15. artificial intelligence – штучний інтелект

16. reliability - надійність

17. to gain - досягати

18. electron tube – електронна лампа

19. large-scale integration circuit – широкомасштабна інтегральна схема

Exercise 2. Read, translate and memorize the following terms:

Electronics

electron

manipulator

semiconductor

transistor

communication

circuit

processor

emitter

Exercise 3. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

Electronic phenomena, electron tube, industrial electronics, electronic device, electronic circuit, integration circuit, household appliances, artificial intelligence, electronic technology, electronic technique.

Exercise 4. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following nouns with the suffix -(t)ion and give the verbs from which they are formed:

Invention, application, integration, automation, operation, information, communication, connection.

Exercise 5. Form nouns from the following verbs by adding the suffix -er (-or) and translate them:

To transform, to regulate, to invent, to compute, to operate, to process, to manipulate, to research, to resist, to receive, to transmit.

Exercise 6. Arrange the following words according to:

a) similar meaning (synonyms): transformation, quick, basic, progress, various, perform, many,

ensure, changing, a lot of, main, advance, different, carry out, guarantee, rapid.

b) opposite meaning (antonyms): difficult, similar, past, easy, various, static, specific, dynamic, simple, common, present, complex.

Exercise 7. Change the following sentences as in the model and translate them:

Model:It is known that transistors perform functions similar to valves - Transistors are known to perform functions similar to valves.

• It is believed that automation is the highest stage in the development of technology.

• It is known that the sped of sound is about 750 miles an hour.

• It is known that sound travels faster in solids than in liquids.

• It is believed that electronics is the most progressing technology of the present industrial age.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Subjective Infinitive Construction:

1. Electronics is known to be a young science.

2. Electronic equipment is known to have already been applied at the beginning of the last century.

3. Electronics is sure to find an ever growing application.

4. The application of electronics in everyday life and industry has proved to increase enormously in the last few years.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Objective Infinitive Construction:

1. We believe these experiments to be very important.

2. We know the cybernetics to be an important branch of modern technology.

3. We think these devices to work by electric impulses.

4. We saw the workers switch on the new device.

5. The engineer expected the work to be done in time.

6. The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase.

ΙΙ. Reading.

Exercise 10. Read and translate Text A.