- •I Phonetic skills.
- •Light industry as it was and as it is
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form: active or passive.
- •2. Transform the following sentences from Active into Passive Voice.
- •3. Transform the following sentences from Passive into Active Voice.
- •4. Complete the sentences with by or with.
- •6. Put the verb into the correct form: Active or Passive Voice.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering
- •Information technologies in manufacturing
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in a form of questions.
2. Speak on the following situations:
1. You come to a fashion design studio to order a suit. Discuss your order with a designer.
2. Your friend is going to buy a pair of shoes. But he/she finds it difficult to make the right choice and asks you to follow him/her.
Use phrases:
What can I do for you?
I want to buy / I need / I am in want of ...
I want something like this ...
Will you please show me this ...?
No, that isn’t quite what I want.
This is just what I want / This is just the thing.
Let me try ... on.
Do I look all right? / Does it suit me?
It’s not to my taste.
What have you got of the latest designs (styles, fashions)?
It has come into fashion recently. It has gone out of fashion.
V Rendering
Read the text and translate it using a dictionary.
Information technologies in manufacturing
The present-day scientific and technological progress constantly brings changes in the organization of production, working conditions and its environment. It is impossible to imagine a process of production without complex automated systems.
Software helps computers to solve the problems of the technological processes. A computer operates a few thousand times faster than a human, and allows to produce the huge number of operations simultaneously.
At the enterprises of light industry software provides design of clothes, shoes, interior, etc. That is design in general, selection of materials, raw material, optimization of cut, lay out of patterns, design, analysis, etc. In other words, manufacturing computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture provide engineers with tools to increase productivity through simulation of both product design and the manufacturing process.
A programmer who works at an enterprise has to take into accout all features of his manufacturing section. He has to know the final purpose of production. Possessing such knowledge, a programmer can develop optimum program to multiply functionality, simplicity and flexibility of manufacturing processes and reduce its expenditures and cost.
He must research the market of technologies and create programs to meet requirements of European standards. A programmer must also improve the equipment for creation of updated software and hardware. But the process of introduction and support of software is very intensive and is not as simple as it may seem. Therefore, in this sphere, well-trained and skilled specialists in information technologies will be in great demand.
2. Make up a plan of the text in a form of questions.
3. Give the summury of the text according to your plan in a written form.
VI Comprehensive skills.
1. Read and remember.
a sound knowledge – глибокі знання
fabrics – тканини
interior designer – дизайнер інтер’єру
textiles – текстиль
vegetable fibre – рослинні волокна
man-made yarn – штучна пряжа
rayon – штучний шовк; віскоза
2. Listen to the text “Textiles” and try to understand it.
3. True or false statements:
1. A sound knowledge of fabrics is unnecessary for interior designers.
2. Prehistoric man developed a great variety of techiques for making cloth.
3. Modern textiles are confined only to traditional yarns.
4. Listen to the text again and answer the following questions:
1. What knowledge is necessary for specialists of different branches of industry?
2. How long is the story of textiles?
3. What traditional yarns are still in use?
4. Are modern textiles confined only to traditional yarns?
5. What presents the weaver with almost endless possibilities for new effects?
The Passive Voice
Пасивний стан (Passive Voice) утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у відповідному часі активного стану і дієприкметника минулого часу (Participle II) відмінюваного дієслова.
to be + Participle II
Дієслово в пасивному стані означає дію, яка спрямована на підмет.
Present Simple |
am/are/is + Participle II |
The office is locked every evening. |
Present Continuous |
am/are/is + being + Participle II |
The house is being painted at the moment. |
Past Simple |
was/were + Participle II |
My car was stolen last night. |
Past Continuous |
was/were + being + Participle II |
My shoes were being repaired last week. |
Present Perfect |
have/has + been + Participle II |
Ann has been invited to the birthday party. |
Past Perfect |
had + been + Participle II |
I thought that you had been told the news. |
Future Simple |
shall/will + be + Participle II |
He will be asked tomorrow. |
Future Perfect |
shall/will + have + been + Participle II |
We shall have been asked tomorrow till 10 a.m. |
Note: Дієслова в пасивному стані в англійській мові не вживаються в Future Continuous та в усіх часах групи Perfect Continuous.
Passive Voice часто використовується:
а) коли невідомо хто або що є виконавцем дії
My car was stolen last night - Моя машина була викрадена минулої ночі.
в) коли нас не цікавить виконавець дії
The factory was painted during the war. – Фабрику пофарбували за часів війни.
Додаток в реченні з дієсловом-присудком в пасивному стані використовується з прийменником by або with.
Додаток з прийменником by виражає діючу особу або діючу силу.
The radio was invented by Marconi.
A number of trees were blown down by strong winds.
Додаток з прийменником with виражає знаряддя дії, речовину або складові частини.
I was hit with an umbrella.
The room was filled with smoke.
English tea is made with cream.