- •Санкт-петербургский университет
- •1 Home and family
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary & Speaking
- •Reading: Face reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary & Speaking
- •I Rollerblading
- •Introducing yourself
- •4 Understanding a questionnaire
- •In her future she would like to go to drama school and wants to be an ____.
- •Who knows you better, your family or your friends?
- •I think I’m open and friendly – I get on well with most people – but I’m sometimes quite shy too. For example, I don’t like going to parties. I prefer to meet friends individually or in small groups.
- •1. Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •2. Past Simple and Past Continuous
- •3. Past Simple and Past Perfect
- •4. Comparisons of Adjectives
- •5. Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous
- •Irregular verbs
- •Literature
5. Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, законченного к настоящему моменту и связанного с этим моментом.
Present Perfect используется:
1) для констатации факта совершения действия без указания на время его совершения: I have written a letter.
2) когда указан период времени, который еще не закончился: today, this week, this month, this year: I haven’t seen Ann today.
3) с наречиями never(никогда), ever(когда-либо), just(только что), yet(еще), аlready(уже): Nick has just come back.
4) с обстоятельствами времени, указывающими на период, в течение которого происходило или могло происходить действие, начиная с какого-то момента прошедшего времени и вплоть до настоящего времени: lately(в последнее время), for a long time(в течение долгого времени), how long(как долго), so far(до сих пор), up to now(до настоящего момента), for three hours(в течение трех часов), since(с тех пор как): Have you been to the cinema lately?
Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have и причастия прошедшего времени(Particle II) смыслового глагола. Particle II правильных глаголов образуется при помощи окончания -ed к неопределенной форме глагола: to ask- asked, to work – worked;
Particle II неправильных глаголов образуется чередованием звуков в корне (3-я форма глагола): go – went – gone, do – did – done.
I/You/We/They’ve (have) worked |
Have I/you/we/they worked? |
I/You/We/They haven’t (have not) worked. |
He/she/It’s (has) worked. |
Has he/she/it worked? |
He/she/It hasn’t (has not) worked. |
Present Perfect Continuous обозначает действие или состояние, которое началось в прошедшем и продолжалось в течение определенного периода до момента речи и либо еще продолжается в этот момент, либо закончилось непосредственно перед ним. Present Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем перфектном времени (настоящем, прошедшем или будущем) и причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) смыслового глагола.
I have been waiting for you for three hours.
Stative verbs (глаголы состояния) не употребляются в Present Perfect Continuous. Stative verbs :
∙ feelings: hate, like, love, prefer, want.
∙ thoughts: believe, feel, know, think, understand.
∙ possession: belong, have, own.
∙ senses: feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste.
∙ appearance: appear, look (like), seem.
Irregular verbs
be |
was/were |
been |
|
let |
let |
let |
become |
became |
become |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
begin break |
began broke |
begun broken |
|
make |
made |
made |
bring |
brought |
brought |
|
mean |
meant |
meant |
build |
built |
built |
|
meet |
met |
met |
buy |
bought |
bought |
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
catch |
caught |
caught |
|
put |
put |
put |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
read |
read |
read |
come |
came |
come |
|
ring |
rang |
rung |
cost |
cost |
cost |
|
run |
ran |
run |
cut |
cut |
cut |
|
say |
said |
said |
do |
did |
done |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
|
send |
sent |
sent |
drive |
drove |
driven |
|
show |
showed |
shown |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
sit sing |
sat sang |
sat sung |
feed |
fed |
fed |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
feel |
felt |
felt |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
find |
found |
found |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
fly |
flew |
flown |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
get |
got |
got |
|
take |
took |
taken |
give |
gave |
given |
|
teach |
taught |
taught |
go |
went |
gone |
|
tell |
told |
told |
have |
had |
had |
|
think throw |
thought threw |
thought thrown |
hear |
heard |
heard |
|
understand |
understood |
understood |
keep |
kept |
kept |
|
wake |
woke |
woken |
know |
knew |
known |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
learn |
learned/learnt |
learned/learnt |
|
win |
won |
won |
leave |
left |
left |
|
write |
wrote |
written |