![](/user_photo/2706_HbeT2.jpg)
Том 1
.pdf. . > , .; - .". / , . . ., ($!""6% « »), $.+. 0 , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
!
< & # # & # > " /" " $8 =*@ " " #- A& / ? *?> " = " " # A!! # " * # ! # #- # . < "$# / 8 / ? *?> " $8 8# & " #"$&*%- # D $# > " /" $" " / ? ? # # "#C- & , "$" ? > $" # *" $ = @ $8 @ ?" . ' " = 8 # " /" % @ " # 8 C &* > #! > "#" 8 $# 8 # ? ? # "#C & " > E-— $# > $" " > !#&* (<K). & $## #"- $&*% " $8 / &C # 8, " >/ ? = ## # &- # / 8 # > 8$& " > C#? @=# $# #8 8 / "8 "# $& % C "#C & , $8 # # &* > E 8 [1].
' & ""8 # @ " % &* > 8 # $# C <K " / / A # #" / / E /, E C / $>- E $& # > & >. ' A 8 "& # $8 # # C 88$& " # ( ) <K #? & "#&* $& " $# $ $## $8 # #! # >/ 8 "#8 8 #" / , $# # % #- &* 8 #" #@ C& C &$" # E #@ " $# 8 $& % C "#C & [2]. A!! 8 "& ?# *, ", #"$&*% $ - # &* @ C& C $& # $8 #, C #% 8 & / / E # $# * #" # $8 #.
& # A!! # " # C "$" ? $# / $" "- / !#&* ## ?>& $ " #" # " 8 # " MathCAD, % &* C $& > % #"#8 " # E # "#C- &—E 8 $& # /" # $8 # # $% , $# /" ## $8 # #! # 8 8 "#8 8 #" / $& >/ "$" ? $% & % # &* & E# * E # "#C &—E 8.
0 +
1.-# . ., !! .q. $# > > E #. ' # #@: < . " C&. .: # # " %*, 1986.
2.) & . . $# # " % E # > E . .: # # " %*, 2003.
51
. . -, .; . +. . ' , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
|
- |
|
|
F # $& # # 8 , " % # 8 #%# > "- # > "$# $ 8$8 " #/, > & # « &* #-% 8 " # & /» $# $# ## D ? @ " % # &C # 8 # $C 88 & ! 8# # -""& #/ # [1]." # # $# # $8 8 " &*- # # $"& &* % 8> ”s-"& , >/ #% > 8 ?> * $&
s 1 |
|
–”s =”(–\ –”• ). |
(1) |
•=1
% &* 8 $> (1) & " " C $>/ / >/ $ / &* # , $" & @=# " ? / $"& / @ "- , % @= @ -$# # > 8 s-"& 8# $ $# >8 $% & 8 " (<i).
' & $# " % ? > &C # 8 $& # $ -- $#8 &* > "& .
1 !#$ |
2 !#$ |
|
" $? % ## & # / 8 |
" $" & ## ! 8 " |
|
> # "" # # @ 8 # |
" " / # #% # . - |
|
( ) " $>8# $ % " #@ #"&- |
# # ™k " " # # ™i |
|
> % #/ #" # 8# ( & "#8 &*- |
" qik «1», # qik «0». & |
|
>$8 > — & "# C !## #8˜ ). |
{ki,kj} # # % &* # @= ! 8- |
|
< #" A& 8 C s-"& $ $&- |
" #= " $" # 8 " " / [1] |
|
C $"& &* @ H@ #@ " &? |
||
Oi( /kl) = { j : [kl ( j) kl ( i)] … |
||
<i " C "& $ ( & 8# #8#%- |
||
[kl ( s ) kl ( i)], ! l M, j,i,s # }. |
||
##) $& # $" > E #/. < "& |
||
$& # ”s-"& %$8# " , "- |
< " > " " #, ? 8> «0» |
|
" &? ! 8 " , # #!# #- |
||
" @=# 8 « # # > » % # |
||
@ s-"& /. & $& # "& @= C s+1 |
||
#" # # « ? & @ " ». & |
||
A C «1», @= % $#8 &* >/ |
"& , $> =#/ #" "" E " . |
|
, " " @=# "- |
||
# , % 8 " «0». C $# $ - |
||
" # i, % " " «1». , |
||
8 $#" "& @= C $#8 &* C s+1 |
||
"& , / >/ s "& / # #!# #- |
" " @=# i, % " " «0» ( &*- |
|
*" ? . < $& " |
# > " " & E #" &@ 8 /, # - |
|
% " $# #$ « E C » Gij = 1, |
||
«$"8 » " " &? 8 # <i # |
||
> & # s-"& , #"& > "- |
j = {1, N}, j i; Gji = 0, j = {1, N}). |
|
" 8 "#8 &* / $# C ! " # C |
< # $8 $#" $& #8 "& @=#/ |
|
$ ( # C 88 "" ) 8 " . |
s+1 "& / # . . |
0 +
1.) D. . > # 8 8 C # # &* C >? #
D < . .: % &*" #/ 8 , 2004.
52
. . -, .; . +. . ' , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
-
D 8 > % # " % # 8 #%# > "$# $ A& 8 8 # 8$8 " #/ D, $& # # - / 8 D E @ " " $#8 # 8 " # # &*- # & > # # &* > $" . ' " " % # # $ - C 88 8 C ?> * $& > &C # 8> ! 8# # S-""& #/ - # , > " > $# ## 8 " &* # œ# $"& &* % 8> ”s-"& [1]. ' %8 > &C # 8> # ""& #/ ""8 > [2].
' % ? / $C 88 #"$&*% &C # 8, " >/ ! 8# ## " # C $ " $8 =*@ ! 8 " # >- & # C " ”s-"& . " 8 " # ! 8# "# & # / ? > Microsoft Excel. < # 8 " - #" # 8 C #"$&*% *" #! > , # &* > # "#8 &* > % # $8 > ($"& # & $#" # "& #/ # C # #/). D >/ ! /& > # % C " $C 88 # "- ! 8# " "" # # > 8 # > #" > / $> # # ! 8 " . # ? % &* /E 8 " # " - % &* # @= ! 8 " ? 8 / %8 " # $ $% & 8 " (< ), 8 ?> * $" & " # >/ $ # , $#"> 8>/ "" # # >8# 8 # 8#, C $ " &? 8 ?# 8 $" & ## ? @ " " " # # , $ "- 8 — " 8# # >.
< C 88 $% & $"& &* > & * 1, 2, 3,.., s-"& # # 8- 8 $"& &* C $" C #% # #"& E# #-! 8# * #" 8 ""& # . ""8 # $ # ## " #" 8 " &* # , $C 88 %8 " * $& # * / >/ $ > & > -"& # # #!# # * # ! 8 #@#" # # , ? " &* 8 $ - C 88>.
< C 88 $#" " C++, ?& ? >8 # ! /" 8 # " = 8 " ? >/ $"".
0 +
1.) D. . > # 8 8 C # # &* C >? #
D < . .: % &*" #/ 8 , 2004.
2.* . . % ? &C # 8 -""& # &* # % 8 # D < D // " =#/ "? # .
53
.!. " , .; . +. . : , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
< # #! / ? ? "#C & (‚ D) " % # % #%8- # " > #" #% ## "#C & , . . $#" #% ## "#C & , ? % " # $& # &* > 8$ #" >/ " >/ "$ [1].
'& $# " $#8 >, > $% ? #8 " * $ - #" #% ##; ? % > # " # " # ? &C # 8 ? > # " " /" , >$& @=# $#" #% #@; $#" # # "-" /" $#" #% ## " $"" ‚ D ADSPBF548 Blackfin [2], 8 #"$&*% " $! % " - !#&* .
% # %$& " > #! > -!#&* " #"$&*% # 8 ?> / ‚ D $" & " * % @ $?& 8 , $" &* # !#&*- > ? @ * ? &*E C #"& A!!# # & & # ? #/ " / #" # . # " /" $#" #- % ## $% & $# * ? ? "#C & $# " &* # " #" #% ##. "$&*% # 8 ? ? # $# " &* # "-#" #% ## $% & $& * A!! # > % ##, % E >$& # !#&* ## $# #% # " #" #% ##, 8 C " # $ !#&* .
< # $# ## " /" $#" #% ## #! C "#C & ? #8 $& * " /, " % > " % " @ $#- # >8# ? # 8# /. $#8 , &C # 8 ? > " /" &-% #8 * 8 8 *E "#" 8 C 8 #, ? * % #- &* C " $8 #, # $# A 8 " > #" # # " /" & > & * % >8 ? # 8.
'& ""8 > %8 " # " # # > #" &* / "&- " # % ## " /" " &>8 A!!# # 8 #$& ## $ - 8 #"$&*% # / / #$& ## " > C "#C & , $& > " $#8 # 8 8 ?>" /" @= C !#&* . " /" % ? % $"" ADSP-BF548 Blackfin # "$E >$& % " # # " > #" #% ## "#C & " 44 100 12 800 .
0 +
1.&C * @., FG (. ‚#! ? ? "#C & : $# " #/ $ - . .: % &*" #/ 8 «'#&* 8"», 2004.
2.ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Processor Hardware Reference. Analog Devices, 2006.
54
. . , .; . . . ? , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
OFDM
!
‚#! > " 8> 8 & ##, > #"$&*% @ ? &*E #"& - C &* > $" =# , %> @ " "#" 8 8# 8 &* #$& "# # " C &* >8 " >8 % & # 8 & ( C&. OFDM).
" > $#8 = " OFDM — " / " * 8 "#8 &*- / # ! ## # $& >8 $8 8, >" A!! # " * #"$&*% # "$, $" $$ % # , %8- " * $#8 # % > " 8 8 & ## & / $" = / [1].
D#" 8>, $" > $ &C # 8 8 OFDM, $#8 # 8 C# ?& " # # #. & $/ " %# — A #! > 8 8 > ## ADSL/VDSL, #! & = # $ " DVBC2. & ? "$/ " %# — A & C## Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11, WMAN IEEE 802.16, "#" 8> LTE, #! C # = # DRM # . .
'& ""8 # @ " % &* > % ? # 8 "# OFDM & $# # $# 8 C !# " # #% ? #/ ( > # -" C ) ? % ?& ?>" C $? % # K * [2].
'$"" >$& # ? >:
–"$# 8 & " #"$&*% # 8 8 ! % / # 8- $ / 8 #$& ## (PSK, QAM) " %8 " *@ >? #$ # $ -8 & ##;
–% ? > $C 88> $# 8 # # $# , $? % & C !# " C #% ? # "#8 &> > ;
–$#" &C # 8 & # # > # " % 8- &* "$" # "#C & ;
–$ #""& # " $# 8 C !# " / # ! 8 ## $ % # 8 # > ?# / E#? # & % #"#8 " # #$ # $ #! / 8 & ##, " $" =# # E 8 & " %#.
'" " > # 8 # "# OFDM $#"* $ Matlab. " $& / 8 8 # " / 8 "#" 8> $& $ $ % ## $ ? % < D.
0 +
1.! 0. ., $& . ., > D. . D#" 8> #! / - # " %#: ? % > 8 > # #" # #: ? $" ?# . .: -%, 2005.
2.0., +! (. # # $#8 # #! / ? ? # "#C & : < . " C&. .: # , 1978.
55
![](/html/2706/141/html_lajmlgABHG.Ctm0/htmlconvd-5HyK4f56x1.jpg)
!. . , . . , +. . : ' , '; . .0. , . . ., . (8 #, 8 )
SDR -
"$&*% # ""-$& > " $&@ # 8 / " > ! #- &* > ?& # " ## $% & " = " & * ? @, 8 #"& # «C @» % 8 #"$> $& , &* $# $#%- " " > # " #/. F " >" / $#% # &* " #$"" > " /" ? "$# " ! 8 &* C#? " *$$C # $C 88 C !#C # # 8 & / # " ## ? % $"" > "#" 8 [1].
' / ? $& " # # $$> ?& #- " ## " 8# #8 &* >8 " 8 ? C % 88 ##. K- # &* " 8 $# 8 C / C $" & #". 1.
Genera- |
|
? |
|
|
|
ADC |
|
|
|
||||
tion& CLC |
D .1 |
% " $ - |
D .2 |
|
|
to |
"#C &> |
|
!" |
|
|
|
PC |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
Q |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. 1. 1+ % !" ?$ $# ! & #
< C 88# 8>/ C "#C & >$& ? % 8# " 8> DDS, $& " 8#$"" 8 ARM Cortex M3, $& 8$## STM electronics. ! /" — #! / A . - ! /" > — 8$>/ TFT 4'' #"$& /.
' $* # "8 "# &* — " * / C C $# 8 # $8 C $? % # [2]. ' #8 $# $* # " ## & ?> * " C& " " /.
O& #! / ? ? # "#C & (ADC to PC) " # $C 88-? "$# " > >8 #" >8 8.
< " & #". 1 " 8 %8 " * «C /» % 8 >$$> ?& / C .
0 +
1.Tony J. Rouphael. RF and Digital Signal Processing for Software-Dežned Radio. Burlington, 2009.
2.F+ . ., . ., ! . . < C 88- $$>/ 8$& " " " #""& # &C # 8 #! C #$# 8 // %#"> &. XVIII / -# " / ! ## " # "$# «- # A& # , A& # # A C # ». ., 2012. . 1. D. 53–54.
56
!. . , .; . . , .; . .0. , . . ., . (8 #, 7. 8 )
SDR
' / ? $& 8 C ! # &* >/ 8$& " "$#- &* C # 8 # # C ? % >"$#% # &* > #$&- E & C## SDR. < C 88 ? "$# $& C 8- $& " " > / "#" 8 GnuRadio. "#" 8 $" % 8 & " ? & $#$# # # "#" 8 &* 8 - 8 #, & " " /, $#" / %> D++ # Python.
D " 8 #$& E " # # " > " #:
1.C #$% " /" (30—1000 ) 8$ - > %8 (8 1 8).
2.$$>/ 8 &* Hardware SDR ? &*E# %8 [1].
3.< # >/ 8$*@ , " =#/ $C 88 ? "$# Software SDR " > >8 #" >8 8, $% & #% %#- * "#C &. 8$*@ 8 ?> * " % " # " #8 8$& # $ Wi-Fi & C##, $ USB # Ethernet # ! /- " 8. <& E 8 ? * " # "$8 #8 " # @= C $# 8 # .
? % $& C " /" % " 8 C ! # &* >/ $C 88- $$>/ 8$& ", >/ >$& "& @=# !- ##:
%$8 >/ "$&* >/ % # "#C & $# $&& &* / $" / $? % & / # "#C & ;
%" #" # " #/ % % &* ;
%>/ % # "#C & ;
%$#" # "#C & # 8 # " $" / > #"- # # #%& # C#" #@;
%8 "$& # #" # # #%& #/ # C# ! #- &* > %8 " # C#? / $& ! 8> SDR
‚ & > $?# — $# &*" > # > "& ?>.
0 +
1. . ., F+ . ., % & . . #? # "#" 8 $?- % # " > $C 88- $$/ $& ! 8 SDR // &. 14-/ - . !. «‚#! ? ? "#C & # $#8 # – DSPA-2012». ., 2012. . 2. D. 265–267.
57
![](/html/2706/141/html_lajmlgABHG.Ctm0/htmlconvd-5HyK4f58x1.jpg)
$. . , .; . +. . ' , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
« »
C# % # 8 D ? @ % ? # $C 88 C ? "- $# , "$" ? C 8 #%# 8 #8 # * $#8 &*- > % 8 > & >E E# #% " A& 8 , C $& " *@ # #- >/ $#$ "$. % , @ ## >? $# %> * « " ». K 8 % %- $#"* " # # / % # >? <C, > # 8 $" $#$ $ " $8 8# Ÿ< # $" & " / / <C, –, ™< (Ÿ< )> [1].
& E # % ? $C 88 «D », % $#" %# # > C, %> @=# ? /E# $#$ E# ># C 88 "" $ $# >8 $% & 8 " (< ).
< C 88 $% & ! 8# * & # > # "" # # > ? %> > > 8$, $#% # * " # # $ ? %- "& 8 8 # " 8 -# #@ # ? * $ 8 " # $& C %# # C C ! , " = " & * $ - #" %# # > C $ 8 # ? & < ( #". 1), $#% # * >? & C $ % 8 $#$ # C 88 "" # #$# * C !# " $#" # % &* .
ω5
ω4 |
ω3 |
ω7 |
ω2 |
ω1 |
ω10
ω9
ω6
ω8
. 1. '$ # C * # G -+!" #$$
% ? $C 88 «D » ? >/ $"" ! < $ #" #$ « # >? # $# # E #/ $# $# ## D».
0 +
1. ) D. . > # 8 8 C # # &* C >? # D < . .: % &*" , 2004.
58
![](/html/2706/141/html_lajmlgABHG.Ctm0/htmlconvd-5HyK4f59x1.jpg)
$. . , .; . +. . ' , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
' ? $& &C # 8 >? & C $ $#$ $# - 8 D, " >/ 8 C ! " # C $ # %- >/ $#" =# # #" =# C #% E# >-$#$, - > # %> @ #" 8> & C# %# # 8 C ! , $#">- @=#8 #" 8 " . %# # >/ C ! 8 ?> * $&-#% "#&* %# # C C ! , & # 8 " %# # % 8>- @=# #%?> > C. ' " &C # 8 $& $"& &* >/ % " % / E# C ! , $#" C "" # # / 8 # / %#- # C ! 8 " , $& C $ -# #@.
$8 A$ 1& &C # 8 8 # %8 " *@ N M $#%- # " $#" " # " 8 "#8 &* >8 " 8 & > A& 8 (" % /):
M |
|
™%,n |
|
|
|
an |
|
, ,an |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
1& max( an,m),!n (1, N),!m (1, M) |
|
|
|
,1 |
,M |
|||||
1 |
|
max |
|
|
|
max |
|
max |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C N — ?= " " ; M — ?= " " &? ; ™%,nmax — 8 = " * 8 " # # > A& 8 #" 8 / " .
8 A$ 2& $#% # " % >? / " # $8 # / % & /, $. 2.1& $#" # $ "& # > :
|
0, $. 2.1&, !m (1,M); |
m M, $. 2&; |
||
2& an ,m |
|
2.1& (m 1), " |
|
|
max |
1, $. 3&, m $8 *. |
m + M, > . |
||
|
||||
* 8 A$ 3& |
" = " & " $#" C % & : |
|||
|
|
3& an ,k |
0, $. 3.2&; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
max |
1, $. 3.1&. |
|
|
|
|
|
' $. 3.1& $" , "$ $>/ # / % &*,
$. 3. 2& $" "& # > : |
|
|
|
|
3.1& |
k m, $. 3.2&, !k (1,M); |
3.2& |
k M, $. 3&; |
|
" |
|
(k 1), " |
||
|
k m, $. 4&, k $8 *. |
|
|
k + M, > . |
8 A$ 4& $#% # " & # / / C# # $ - |
||||
"& #@ > : |
|
|
|
|
|
0, $. 2.1&, k 1; |
|||
|
4& ak,m |
0, |
$. 2.1&, k 1. |
|
|
1, an,m |
< "& % E # % $#" # $ "& @= / " . % ? >/ &C # 8 % $C 88 «D » # #"-
$&*% " ? 8 $"" ! < « ».
59
$. . , .; . +. . : , . . ., . (!"# «$%"»)
DC-200
>/ C DC-200 ( & $#? ) $% & & # # " # # > 8 & . " $8 =*@ - % "$ $% & #%8 # * # " " # * ? @ ? $& # " = / # $& # $? / ? / " " & @= / "$ "#C & > 8 & .
< #? " 8 " " >8 8 & 8 # >" " >8 C 8 8 ?> * #"$&*% " #" # ?& # @=# $8 $# & # " # ## "$# &* > " " " %#. 8 - C , " /" 8 ?> * #"$&*% ?> >/ &* >/ C-"#C & .
? $" = #""& #@ #" # C $#? , - % # $8 C > C " "#C & # ?" #@ / #% %8 > C $$> % #/ # 8 QSG-10M, $& >/ [1].
O % >8 %& 8 $#? & " &* 8# " 8 $8 C "# % " > [2], # 8 >" ? C C %- . < "8 %8 " * E C # # . D > 8#- " 8> "#C & $"$ > / " , C " = " & " C !#&* # # &* /E "#& # . & %8 " # ? & # $"- / " " & @= / "#C & > " /" $"8 " 88- . < " " " & @= ! 8# " " $8 =*@ ‚ <. $& # " /" 8 $" ? % < D CPLD, $# #8 8 > $ $& SPI.
< #? % "& @=# #" # #: E# #/ #$% >- > " (0…200 ); >" " % E # (<1 ); %- 8 " * #%8 # 8$ > (1…1000 8' " E C 8 1 8'), ! %> (0…180° " E C 8 0,1°) # $" C "8 = # (–1000…1000 8' " E C 8 0,1 8'); %8 " * ?>" / $" / # $ " (2…4 8") & - C #% & .
" > 8$ / # 8$-" / #" # >- C " C $> " Advanced Design System (ADS)
# MathCAD. < # " # " #%8 >8# &* >8# - #" # 8# " .
0 +
1.http://advantex.ru
2.Fundamentals of Direct Digital Synthesis. Analog Devices Knowledge Base.
2009.
60