Вариант 2

1. Переведите письменно текст.

ASTONISHING COMPUTERS

Not long ago computers were not very reliable and comparatively slow in operation. Since then, several generations of complex electronic computing eguipment have been developed, each being significantly better than the one before it. Almost every day a new use is found for these astonishing devices to help man.

We know a computer to be a complex electronic device that can store and process vast guantifies of information. Following instructions computing eguipment can perform calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and provide the answers to a large variety of problems in a tiny fraction of time.

A computer is known to be the “heart” of an electronic data processing system, other parts of eguipment being auxiliary.

There are two main types of computers – digital and analogue. They work differently and yield different results, both the digital and the analogue computers must be “programmed”. These devices working by electronic impulses perform at fantastic speed and with great precision.

Nowadays computer makers are working at the problem of introducing small computers into our everyday life making them personal. They are trying to develop a computer that will understand human language.

Each new generation of computers opens up new possibilities for basic and applied research.

2. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту:

1. What two types of computing equipment do you know?

2. What are the main advantages of computers?

3. What problem are computer makers working at now?

3. Перепишите предложения, определите функции инфинитива, переведите предложения на русский язык(см.Образец 1):

1. To solve this problem means to study the properties of this material.

2. The problem to be solved was discussed at the meeting.

3. To understand the importance of this invention you should know thermodynamics.

4. Укажите, какой инфинитивный оборот (субъектный инфинитивный оборот или объектный инфинитивный оборот) употреблен в данных предложениях. Переведите предложения:

1. The members of this scientific group want the new device to be tested immediately.

2. B.Pascal is known to be the first inventor of the mechanical computer.

3. Digital computers are likely to be wider used than analogue ones.

4. The desingner expected the electronic computer to perform over ten thousand operations every second.

5. Перепишите предложения, определите функции причастия I и причастия II, переведите предложения на русский язык (см образец 2):

1. The results received changed with materials used.

2. When applying these automatic devices we shall be able to control automatic lines used.

3. Robots are helping research scientists to answer many difficult questions.

6. Перепишите предложения, определите функции герундия, переведите предложения на русский язык(см образец 3):

1. Telemetry is the science of seeing some place without being there.

2. Upon adding heat we can change the state of a substance.

3. Ucreasing pressure leads to the decrease of gas volume.

7. Определите, чем является ing-форма в данных предложения (герундием или причастием):

1. Building houses we improve the living standard of people.

2. Building power stations is of great importance for the national economy.

8. Подберите русские эквиваленты к выделенным словам:

1. Studying the properties of new elements is of great importance for science.

2. Studying the properties of electrons physicists constructed a very accurate device.

1. изучая; 2) изучение

9. Выберите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом и переведите их:

1. Speaking about the new method of work the engineer told us many interesting details.

2. The temperature of a conductor being raised, the motion of the electrons in the conductor increases.

3. Special instruments measuring cosmic radio signals are being installed in the observatory.

4. Transistors are very sensitive to light, some of them reacting even to star-light.

5. The first man-made satellite having been sent up, it became possible to investigate various types of radiation.

6. Obtaining new data engineers can improve their knowledge.

7. The resistance being very large, the current in the circuit was small.

8. When improving the design the constructor made many calculations.

9. A great variety of substances are semi-conductors, germanium and silicon being the most important of them.

10. A series of attempts having been made, Lodygin came to a successful solution of the problem.