8. Translate into English:

1. Единоличная собственность является самой простой формой делового предприятия.

2. Частный предприниматель самостоятельно принимает решения, управляет предприятием и несёт полную юридическую ответственность.

3. Только один человек пожинает плоды успеха и несёт ответственность за неэффективную работу предприятия.

4. Одним из недостатков частной собственности является то, что владелец лично отвечает за все долги фирмы.

3. Малые предприятия имеют льготы по налогообложению.

Text II. Problems of developing countries in the World economy

In Europe or the United States a drought is bad for the garden; in poor countries it kills people. In this chapter we pay special attention to the poorer countries in the world economy.

We begin by showing how unequally the world's income is divided between the rich industrial countries and the poor, less developed countries (LDCs). We then briefly review the major problems that low-income countries face in trying to develop their economies. However, the theme is the world economy as a whole, not a description of its constituent parts. Therefore two major issues that we discuss are the best way for LDCs to take advantage of the world economy as it currently exists, and the extent to which LDCs actually benefit from participating in the world economy,

In May 1974, the General Assembly of the United Nations passed a resolution calling for a New International Economic Order (NIEO). It called for international co-operation to reduce the widening gap between the developed and the developing countries. The resolution reflected the feeling of many LDCs that the world economy is arranged to benefit the industrial countries and exploit the poorer countries. Since 1974 there has been a lot of talk about restructuring the world economy but not much action.

We look at the facts behind the movement for an NIEO and the proposals that have been made. Economics cannot give all the answers, but it can be used to analyse the proposed solutions. We begin by showing the enormous degree of inequality between the countries of the world.

In 1987 there were 2.5 billion people in low-income countries, with an average annual income of about £180 per person. In the rest of the world, 2.4 billion people enjoyed an average annual income of about £3400 per person. Although it is hard to make exact comparisons between incomes data produced in different countries, the basic fact is clear. Most of the world's people live in poverty beyond the imagination of people in rich Western countries. And, of course, not everyone in a country gets exactly the average income. Even in some middle-income countries, many people live in great poverty. The low income countries are very badly off on per capita income, education, life expectancy at birth and availability of medical care.

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases and word combinations:

• to pay attention to

• to review the major problems briefly

• to describe one's constituent parts

• to take advantage of smth

• to call for smth

• to reduce the widening gap between smb / smth and smb / smth

• developed country

• developing country

• low income countries

• middle-income countries

• to restructure smth

• to show the enormous degree of inequality between smth and smth

• to enjoy an average annual income of

• to live beyond smth / in poverty

• per capita income

• availability of medical care

• to be badly off

• to be the driving force of smth