VI. Answer the following questions.

1. Who coordinates operations of the pumping stations and storage tanks?

2 What does a dispatcher do?

3. What devices are used to prevent interfacial mixing?

4. What means of communications do modern pipelines use?

5. What do control systems include?

6. What pipelines require little maintenance?

7. In what ways is pipelines safety ensured?

8. What must comply with strict specifications and standards?

9. What is a standard rule for pipe manufacturers?

10. In what way is the construction of a pipeline carried out?

11. What must be tested before burying the line?

12. What is great importance attached to in safety measures?

VII. Describe the pipeline operation according to the following plan.

1. The functions of a dispatcher.

2. Storage of refined products.

3. Transport of product batches.

4. The system of communication on a pipeline.

5. Control systems.

VIII. Translate into Russian. Find out if the underlined words are the Gerund or the Participle.

1. Oil in a pipeline moves so fast that mixing between two adjacent product batches amounts to a fraction of 1%. 2. The pipeline coating is usually tested electrically for breaks or pin holes, known as “holidays”, before burying the line.

3. Control systems, including automatic remote control of pumping and take-off stations with the help of telemetering systems are widely used. 4. Dispatching orders coordinates starting or stopping of units, raising or lowering of pressure, opening or closing of important valves, utilization of tankage and sampling of oil. 5. Recently they started to use elastomer spheroids in some pipelines for separating batches more effectively and thus reducing interfacial mixing. 6. Maintenance crews keep the lines and ancillary facilities operating at high efficiency and with a little loss of operating time.

IX. Define the function of the Infinitive used in the following sentences. Translate them.

1. The main emphasis in pipeline safety must always be on building a well-designed pipeline to avoid possible failures. 2. Modern computers are used to assist in planning and programming for the most economic operation. 3. A dispatcher controls a work of the pumping stations and storage tanks in order to move oil through the line on schedule. 4. While different crude oils may be either mixed or kept separate, refined products should be kept separate. 5. It is a standard rule to inspect and test the tubes continuously during the process of manufacture. 6. To ensure that all materials and equipment in a pipeline system are suitable and safe they must meet the requirements of strict standards and specifications. 7. Our oil industry needs safe, reliable and efficient pipelines to serve terminals, refineries and depots.

X. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Participle II.

1. Pipeline safety is ensured in many ways. 2. Pipelines, if properly welded, coated and cathodically protected, require not much maintenance. 3. Great significance is attached to fire and accident prevention. 4. The completed pipe is inspected visually. 5. Many types of control systems such as automatic remote control of pumps and valves are used in construction of pipelines.