- •Unit 1 petroleum and natural gas
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •III. Translate the following phrases into Russian without dictionary:
- •Petroleum
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Retell the text using the questions in IV.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Degrees of Comparison.
- •VIII. Find one sentence in Present Perfect Tense in the text. Natural gas
- •II. Read and translate the text. Natural gas
- •III. Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 2 oil and gas fields development
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •III. Translate the following expressions into Russian without a dictionary.
- •Oil and gas fields development
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Make up proper expressions using the words given in the following columns. Give the Russian translation.
- •VII. Retell the text “Oil and gas fields development” using the questions in V.
- •XI. Find in the text “Oil and gas fields development” the sentences containing the Participle.
- •XII. A) Read and render the contents of the text below in Russian. Give it a title.
- •Unit 3 historical development of oil pipe line
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Historical development of oil pipe line
- •IV. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the passive constructions. Remember the underlined verbs.
- •Unit 4 pumping stations
- •Pumping stations
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Translate the following text into English.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle. Explain the difference between them.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations into English.
- •Unit 5 manufacture of pipelines
- •III. Translate the following words.
- •IV Read and translate the following text. Manufacture of pipe lines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Find in the text the English equivalent to the following Russian words and expressions.
- •VII. Deny the wrong statements. Use the following expressions.
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “would”.
- •X. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “should”.
- •XI. Translate the following conditional sentences.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract into Russian with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 6 methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •I. Study the following words before reading the text.
- •II. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •III. Find the corresponding Russian equivalents.
- •Methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •VII. Translate the phrases into English using the Infinitive as an attribute.
- •I'm afraid that’s wrong.
- •It seems to me, it’s not true.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •Moving oil and natural gas
- •XII. Give a summary of the text. Unit 7 types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •Types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the form and the voice of the Gerund.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Translate paragraphs 3-6 in a written form. Pipeline components
- •Unit 8 construction of pipelines
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.
- •Construction of pipelines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •VIII. Retell the text “Construction of pipelines” according to the following plan:
- •Unit 9 materials
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Materials
- •VI. Answer the following questions. Use the questions as a plan for your retelling of the text.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •IX. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the Infinitive as an Adverbial Modifier of Purpose.
- •X. Translate into Russian using the proper function of the Infinitive.
- •XI. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the use of the Complex Object and the Complex Subject. А
- •XII. Translate into Russian using the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •II. Find out in the dictionary and remember the pronunciation of the following words.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Say a few words about a) trunk pipelines; b) multi-product pipelines. Make up a short plan of your speech.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •XI. Translate into Russian. Define the form of the Infinitive and its function.
- •XII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the use of the Participle and the Gerund.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract using a dictionary.
- •XIV. Find out if the following statements are true or false.
- •Unit 11 pipeline operation and safety measures
- •Pipeline operation and safety measures
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Describe the pipeline operation according to the following plan.
- •VIII. Translate into Russian. Find out if the underlined words are the Gerund or the Participle.
- •IX. Define the function of the Infinitive used in the following sentences. Translate them.
- •X. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Participle II.
- •XI. Read and translate the following extracts with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 12 types of coatings
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write out the proper transcription to the following words from the dictionary.
- •V. Find the suitable nouns to the verbs from List a. Make up your own sentences with the given phrases.
- •VI. Read and translate the following text. Types of coatings
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Retell the text “Types of Coatings” using the questions from the previous exercise.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •Unit 13
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Find out the proper transcription of the following words in the dictionary.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •IV. Translate the following phrases into Russian without a dictionary.
- •VI. Find the suitable nouns to the verbs from List a. Make up your own sentences with the given phrases.
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Retell the text “Integrated Systems for Pipeline Security” using the questions in VIII.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice.
- •XIII. Remember the meaning of the following verbs.
- •XIV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •XV. Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the phrases given in brackets. Pay attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •Unit 14
- •In-tube magnetic examination of lined tubuing
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write the proper transcription to the following words.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •XI. Retell the text “In-tube Magnetic Examination of Lined Tubing” using the questions in IX.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •XIII. Translate the sentences into English paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •Contents
III. Find the corresponding Russian equivalents.
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Read and translate the text.
Methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
The choice of the method of gas or oil transmission depends largely on the distance to be covered, the natural conditions and on the property of the material to be transported.
Besides oil pipe lines both petroleum and its products may be transported in special containers such as barrels or cans. The latter are usually smaller in size than the former. They are made of steel either by welding or riveting steel sheet. Much metal is needed for this method of transporting oil and oil products. Neither barrels nor railroad tank cars are sufficient for transporting large quantities of oil. Water transportation of oil in tank ships or in tankers holds the second place in economic importance. From the point of view of international trade, this method of transportation would rank first as a great part of the foreign trade is conducted in tankers.
In our country with its vast territory the transportation of oil through pipe lines proves to be of great importance: on the other hand the transportation in barges is no less important for moving crude oil as well as its refined products over areas where rivers are not scarce. As far as gas transportation is concerned there is only one way to transport gas and that is through pipe lines.
Prior to 1920 a considerable part of long distance transportation of crude oil was accomplished by means of railroad tank cars. Now railroad tank cars are used as a carrier of refined products that go into domestic consumption.
Among all mentioned above ways of transporting oil and gas pipelines have proved to be most economical.
The story of pipelines and their builders is one of the most dramatic and colorful chapters in the history of modern industrial development. While most people are aware of the rapidity of technological change in today’s world, few are aware of the often invisible underlying structures – such as pipelines – that made this progress possible. The unrecognized role of pipelines in this process is, in a way, a testimony to the effectiveness of their design and function. Unlike other, more visible forms of transportation, pipelines operate silently and unobtrusively, and like the body’s circulatory system, pipelines are an unseen but vital supply network and an indispensable tool in the ongoing technological revolution. Just as petroleum and natural gas will be the lifeblood of industry to the end of the century, so too will pipelines continue to function as the veins and arteries providing the crucial link between producers and the ultimate consumers of energy.
Since pipe lines by far the most important factor in modern petroleum transportation, we shall be chiefly concerned with the transportation of petroleum bу this method.
V. Answer the following questions.
1. What means may the transportation of oil and its products be accomplished by?
2. What containers are used for the transportation of petroleum?
3. What method of transportation is the most important?
4. What method of transporting oil ranks second in importance?
5. From what point of view is this method especially important?
6. What method of oil transportation ranks first from the point of view of international trade?
7. Why does the transportation of oil in barges prove to be of great importance in our country?
8. What is the only means of gas transportation?
9. What are the largest pipe lines in our country?
10. What does the choice of the method of oil transportation depend on?
11. Why is a pipeline network compared to the body’s circulatory system?
VI. Translate into Russian according to the example.
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которые нужно построить |
example: |
The pipelines to be built |
которые можно построить |
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которые будут построены |
1. The distance to be covered is more than 1000 miles. 2. The material to be transported is crude oil. 3. Trunk pipe lines to connect these oil fields with nearby refineries will be built within the next two years. 4. The construction work to be finished by the end of this year is in progress. 5. Many ores to be obtained in this process are of great value to our industry. 6. There are two conditions to be considered when transporting gas through pipe lines. 7. The loss to be expected from corrosion is too great.