- •Table of Contents
- •Copyright
- •Dedication
- •Introduction to the eighth edition
- •Online contents
- •List of Illustrations
- •List of Tables
- •1. Pulmonary anatomy and physiology: The basics
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Abnormalities in gas exchange
- •Suggested readings
- •2. Presentation of the patient with pulmonary disease
- •Dyspnea
- •Cough
- •Hemoptysis
- •Chest pain
- •Suggested readings
- •3. Evaluation of the patient with pulmonary disease
- •Evaluation on a macroscopic level
- •Evaluation on a microscopic level
- •Assessment on a functional level
- •Suggested readings
- •4. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of airways
- •Structure
- •Function
- •Suggested readings
- •5. Asthma
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach and assessment
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •7. Miscellaneous airway diseases
- •Bronchiectasis
- •Cystic fibrosis
- •Upper airway disease
- •Suggested readings
- •8. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of the pulmonary parenchyma
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Suggested readings
- •9. Overview of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
- •Pathology
- •Pathogenesis
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Suggested readings
- •10. Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases associated with known etiologic agents
- •Diseases caused by inhaled inorganic dusts
- •Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- •Drug-induced parenchymal lung disease
- •Radiation-induced lung disease
- •Suggested readings
- •11. Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases of unknown etiology
- •Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- •Other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
- •Pulmonary parenchymal involvement complicating systemic rheumatic disease
- •Sarcoidosis
- •Miscellaneous disorders involving the pulmonary parenchyma
- •Suggested readings
- •12. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of the pulmonary vasculature
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Suggested readings
- •13. Pulmonary embolism
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic evaluation
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •14. Pulmonary hypertension
- •Pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic features
- •Specific disorders associated with pulmonary hypertension
- •Suggested readings
- •15. Pleural disease
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Pleural effusion
- •Pneumothorax
- •Malignant mesothelioma
- •Suggested readings
- •16. Mediastinal disease
- •Anatomic features
- •Mediastinal masses
- •Pneumomediastinum
- •Suggested readings
- •17. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of neural, muscular, and chest wall interactions with the lungs
- •Respiratory control
- •Respiratory muscles
- •Suggested readings
- •18. Disorders of ventilatory control
- •Primary neurologic disease
- •Cheyne-stokes breathing
- •Control abnormalities secondary to lung disease
- •Sleep apnea syndrome
- •Suggested readings
- •19. Disorders of the respiratory pump
- •Neuromuscular disease affecting the muscles of respiration
- •Diaphragmatic disease
- •Disorders affecting the chest wall
- •Suggested readings
- •20. Lung cancer: Etiologic and pathologic aspects
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Suggested readings
- •21. Lung cancer: Clinical aspects
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Principles of therapy
- •Bronchial carcinoid tumors
- •Solitary pulmonary nodule
- •Suggested readings
- •22. Lung defense mechanisms
- •Physical or anatomic factors
- •Antimicrobial peptides
- •Phagocytic and inflammatory cells
- •Adaptive immune responses
- •Failure of respiratory defense mechanisms
- •Augmentation of respiratory defense mechanisms
- •Suggested readings
- •23. Pneumonia
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features and initial diagnosis
- •Therapeutic approach: General principles and antibiotic susceptibility
- •Initial management strategies based on clinical setting of pneumonia
- •Suggested readings
- •24. Bacterial and viral organisms causing pneumonia
- •Bacteria
- •Viruses
- •Intrathoracic complications of pneumonia
- •Respiratory infections associated with bioterrorism
- •Suggested readings
- •25. Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Definitions
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical manifestations
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Principles of therapy
- •Nontuberculous mycobacteria
- •Suggested readings
- •26. Miscellaneous infections caused by fungi, including Pneumocystis
- •Fungal infections
- •Pneumocystis infection
- •Suggested readings
- •27. Pulmonary complications in the immunocompromised host
- •Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- •Pulmonary complications in non–HIV immunocompromised patients
- •Suggested readings
- •28. Classification and pathophysiologic aspects of respiratory failure
- •Definition of respiratory failure
- •Classification of acute respiratory failure
- •Presentation of gas exchange failure
- •Pathogenesis of gas exchange abnormalities
- •Clinical and therapeutic aspects of hypercapnic/hypoxemic respiratory failure
- •Suggested readings
- •29. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- •Physiology of fluid movement in alveolar interstitium
- •Etiology
- •Pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •30. Management of respiratory failure
- •Goals and principles underlying supportive therapy
- •Mechanical ventilation
- •Selected aspects of therapy for chronic respiratory failure
- •Suggested readings
- •Index
in the patient’s oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximetry) during the exercise. However, other than potentially identifying a decrease in the patient’s oxygen saturation, the test does not provide information about the mechanism of exercise limitation and cannot distinguish limitation due to lung disease from that attributable to other medical problems such as heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, or muscle weakness. Nevertheless, it does provide an easily performed objective measure of a patient’s exercise tolerance and can be used to follow how a patient is doing over time, with or without treatment.
Suggested readings
Physical examination
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Vyshedskiy A, Alhashem R.M, Paciej R, Ebril M, Rudman I, Fredberg J.J., et al. Mechanism of inspiratory and expiratory crackles Chest 2009;135: 156-164.
Chest roentgenography
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Computed tomography
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Raju S, Ghosh S. & Mehta A.C. Chest CT signs in pulmonary disease. A pictorial review
Chest 2017;151: 1356-1374.
Webb W.R, Müller N.L. & Naidich D.P. High-resolution CT of the lung 5th ed. 2015; Wolters Kluwer Philadelphia.
Magnetic resonance imaging
Hatabu H, Stock K.W, Sher S, Edinburgh K.J, Levin D.L, Garpestad E., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax. Past, present, and future Radiologic Clinics of North America 2000;38: 593-620.
Müller N.L. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: past, present and future European Respiratory Journal 2002;19: 3s-12s.
Naidich D.P, Webb W.R, Müller N.L, Vlahos I. & Krinsky G.A. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax 2007; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia.
Wielpütz M. & Kauczor H.U. MRI of the lung: state of the art Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology 2012;18: 344-353.
Lung scanning
Gould M.K, Maclean C.C, Kuschner W.G, Rydzak C.E. & Owens D.K. Accuracy of positron emission tomography for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and mass lesions. A metaanalysis JAMA 2001;285: 914-924.
Kumar A, Dutta R, Kannan U, Kumar R, Khilnani G.C. & Gupta S.D. Evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes using F-FDG PET-CT scan and its histopathologic correlation
Annals of Thoracic Medicine 2011;6: 11-16.
Shreve P. & Faasse T. Role of positron emission tomography–computed tomography in pulmonary neoplasms Radiologic Clinics of North America 2013;51: 767-779.
Vansteenkiste J.F. & Stroobants S.G. The role of positron emission tomography with 18F- fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in respiratory oncology European Respiratory Journal 2001;17: 802-820.
Pulmonary angiography
Sadigh G, Kelly A.M. & Cronin P. Challenges, controversies, and hot topics in pulmonary embolism imaging AJR American Journal of Roentgenology 2011;196: 497-515.
Stein P.D, Fowler S.E, Goodman L.R, Gottschalk A, Hales C.A, Hull R.D., et al.
Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism New England Journal of Medicine 2006;354: 2317-2327.
Ultrasound
Corcoran J.P, Tazi-Mezalek R, Maldonado F, Yarmus L.B, Annema J.T, Koegelenberg C.F.N., et al. State of the art thoracic ultrasound: intervention and therapeutics Thorax 2017;72:
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Laursen C.B, Clive A, Hallifax R, Pietersen P.I, Asciak R, Davidsen J.R., et al. European Respiratory Society statement on thoracic ultrasound European Respiratory Journal 2021;57: 2001519.
Patel K.M, Ullah K, Patail H. & Ahmad S. Ultrasound for pleural disease. Beyond a pocket of pleural fluid Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2021;18: 749-756.
Bronchoscopy
Becker H.D. Bronchoscopy: the past, the present, and the future Clinics in Chest Medicine 2010;31: 1-18.
Casal R.F, Ost D.E. & Eapen G.A. Flexible bronchoscopy Clinics in Chest Medicine 2013;34: 341-352.
Criner G.J, Eberhardt R, Fernandez-Bussy S, Gompelmann D, Maldonado F, Patel N., et al. Interventional bronchoscopy American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2020;202: 29-50.
Dooms C, Seijo L, Gasparini S, Trisolini R, Ninane V. & Tournoy K.G. Diagnostic bronchoscopy: State of the art European Respiratory Review 2010;19: 229-236.
Haas A.R, Vachani A. & Sterman D.H. Advances in diagnostic bronchoscopy American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2010;182: 589-597.
Kinsey C.M. & Arenberg D.A. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014;189: 640-649.
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Wahidi M.M, Herth F.J.F, Chen A, Cheng G. & Yarmus L. State of the art: Interventional pulmonology Chest 2020;157: 724-736.
Obtaining and processing specimens
Bartlett J.G. Diagnostic tests for agents of community-acquired pneumonia Clinical Infectious Diseases 2011;52: S296-S304.
Dorman S.E. New diagnostic tests for tuberculosis: bench, bedside, and beyond Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010;50: S173-S177.
Epstein R.L. Constituents of sputum: a simple method Annals of Internal Medicine 1972;77: 259-265.
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Talbot H.K. & Falsey A.R. The diagnosis of viral respiratory disease in older adults
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Assessment on a functional level
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Narins R.G. & Emmett M. Simple and mixed acid-base disorders: a practical approach
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