4 курс / Лучевая диагностика / Радиационная безопастность
.pdf6
.
.
.
, , ! "
#!
# "
#. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ # |
# |
|||||||
|
|
! |
, |
|||||
|
! |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
! |
($% &', |
() &*$, |
)*+, |
$*&) |
|
! ($, +, -. ') ! ",
! !
! !. * / :
. $, + (ICRP) - $ " –
", " . (
! " # !
". ' #
#
-! , -/ !
! " / ! !. '
" - , +. , -
, , +, !
" $, + .
2.$% &' (IAEA) - $ " / - /
" / ! !. )
22 , #
0 . " " 1
- ! !, !
" ! ". +
0
. . . .
" /, # # !, ! ! "
! ". ) 994 . # # "
" " #. , #
! ! ! ".
3. ,2 ** (UNSCEAR) - " " "
, # " % " # " ** 955 . *
#, 1
# #
(" ") " ,
# " .
2 ! /11 # -
! ! " #!
# , !
, ! !
, ! , " ! ,
! ! ! ".
" # #
"
! " ! .
! "## $ %&'"( )#")*+ - / "
(!, ! !, -! !
"), ! # ! "
! ! # !
" # ! ", !
# ( ! / ! 1).
) , /,
" #,
! $, +. * " , " #
! " # 0 , "*$3 2. 4.* *5 0(+*6 * &. " (0-76/87). 0 # # *,&-
")#".#/- (, #! ( - , ! "##"0 %&'"( )#")* .
. . . .
1. (
).7 ! :
(622) (62); 2. . # # (
#); 3. (
). 2 # ", |
/ |
|||
|
-/ |
|
||
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
" |
|
11 ! " # ! . , # ! – / ,
. 0-76/87 3 # ! :
*&2", $ – (1 #), . . ,
# ... ( :
- , # " # ).
*&2", $ - - ,
# ...,
# ! " !
! , ! ! /
! ! ( : "
, # " ! !
#). 7 # 0 "
. , * 3&)4 $ 2,5(( - #
0, , ,
1, # "
! , -" #.*&2", $ - #, , #, .
7 # #,
" , 0-76/87 *,
2,5((/ 4, * 3&)4 - ",2 #".:
I - , , " " ;
II - , , , , ,
, -" , , !
2
. . . .
, !, 3 ;
III - " , , , ,
.
* ( 622 62 )
! # ! ( 0
):
& #.6- 2 #
( + " ).
2 |
|
% ! |
|
||
|
I |
|
II |
|
III |
622, . |
50 |
|
50 |
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
62, . 0 |
5 |
|
5 |
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6: . 2 (
40 ) #
. 2. 2
# # , 0 + # . 6
$, + 990 . # ! 5 +
#.
- # " / "
" ( ), #
50 # !
", # ! .
- # " / " "
" ( 0),
# 70
# ! ", # ! .
! !
/ " !,
! #
#8 " .
2 - 4 *&2", $ -
. * #
" ! :
• #8 " ( , !,
! . .);
3
. . . .
•" # ! ! ,
#8 " ;
•#, ! ! !
# ! ;
•!- 1, #
, ! #,
. .;
•" 0.
2 #
1 , ! # !
.
# -
$ , 1 #
% .
6 " "
#
"(5)* 6/& 5,".# # (27), # !
# .
2 #
27:
2$2 - # ; 2+ - ! , # !
! "; 266 – .
2 #:
626 -
!; 2 – ;
2, – ! ! # "
.
27, # , #
0. " " "
# ! 27 # !
4
. . . .
! # " # . , , "
(,7), "
" # # , !
" # . , ,
27.
) + # 0 “* "
# ” /11
# ( ) 20 +,
# #! #
! ! ".
#! , "
! " ! #
" ( . 1 62 622). ) 1 1 " $, +, !
/ ! " / ! " !
"(5)* 6"2" (, &67&6"2" , )4 . * "
" : «- , # #
. 6 / #! #
#, - " # " ")* *"3#" %&'"( )#/6». & #, " "
" :
#
# . , ( )
-/, !, - / 1.
( ! ) ,
, "
# # ,
. * ! !
# ! " $, +.
* " , " # #
" # ! " # ! ,
! " ,
5
. . . .
"* *) 3( .& 3( 6 ).9 #
! "" * 6-72/87. ) # " ! ! #
! ! ! . ) * 6-72/87
# " #. )
:
•# , #, #
#8 !, ! ! ";
•# !;
•# ...;
•# " #;
•! ";
•" " ;
•.
* # # #
: " " ....
4,/*/0 )*"3# 4 - " , "
!
! , . , ! ... ",
( : " ). 6 #
#.
*4,/*/0 )*"3# 4 - " ,
!
! . 6 # ...
"
, / ,
#.
) #
*, 47 )) . , # :
•"
# ( "
"
– , 0, ), %);
6
. . . .
•1 " # .
, # # , #
# ", ! #
. # # " #
8 " I- #. ) #8,
..., ! ! % $)2.
" " ( #
! " # " " )
# " " #, #
. ( /11 /
/3 622, " "
.
6 ,
1, # !
" $ !
#
# #! ! !
" # " # !
!.
) # # 400 ! / " ('), # 00. , , " #
! ! . 6 # " / !
! , # !
1 . 6 /
"
. , 987 284
', #
! .
/ !
, ! # ! # 250,
! – ,
" " . , 994 # 9 !
", – 7 (# ! 6* «$ »
7
. . . .
: #–65, # ! # &–7, - ! # ,–26).
) 990 " / $% &' () &*$ #
(6 2).
#, 1 , "
#. 6 #,
, 1
"! ".
2 # : ( -3)
( ), ! (4-7) . *
#, # ,
1 # , . )
#,
#, ! "
. 0 #
# ( , # &)'9,
, , 1 ), ! !
! . / ! #
"# / " "".
# ! #:
) #, ! # / " ,
- 3 ".
2)" , . . ! "
- " 3 7;
3)" , . . / " 2 (
! " / # ) 5 (
– " );
) (" -1 " )
!, ! ,
" . )
" # # 6&,/ (" ' 8 *&
79 &0 "4,5: 98&0 ),& / "* "# ' ,598 - '753 0:
) # " (
! # !);
8
. . . .
2) / ! :
-! ( , )
( , , # 1);
-! # ! "
! ! 1
;
3)" 1;
4)/ ;
5)", " ";
6)! # ! ! "
! !, |
! |
! " |
|
; |
|
7) #
! " "
;
8)1 ! ", #
-# ! " ;
9)# ! !
;
0) |
! |
! # ! #; |
|
) |
! ! |
# ! ! "; |
|
2) |
# " ! ; |
3) 1 " #; |
|
4) |
. |
) # 0 ! / "
! #8 -/ . * !
" ! ! ( , 7, 9) 1
' ( , : # , , .). * : # " 1 , !
# 0
# , # # ! . )
/ # #
9
. . . .