Past perfect (I have done) - (I had done)

(a) Past Perfect Tense образуется при помощи had + past participle (seen, gone, opened, written, looked, и т.д.).

1.действие было завершено до определенного момента в прошлом:

- I had written a letter by two o'clock.

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2.что одно действие было завершено перед другим действием в прошлом:

 - She had already left when I came.

- I didn't know what I should write. I had never written letters before.

- When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.

- When we got home last night, we found that somebody hab broken into the flat.

(b) Past Perfect (I had done) - это прошедшее время от Present Perfect (I have done).

Cравните:

 

Present	Past
I'm not hungry. I've just had lunch. The house is dirty. We haven't cleaned it for weeks.	I wasn't hungry. I'd just had lunch. The house was dirty. We hadn't cleaned it for weeks.

 

Who is that woman? I’ve never seen her before. – I did’t know who she was. I’d never seen her before. (= before that time)

(c) Сравните Past Perfect и Past Simple:

 

- Was Mary ready to go to the cinema when you came to her?

- Yes, she had been ready by the moment.

- Jack wasn't in when I phoned him. He was in his office.

- Jack had just got home when I phoned him. He had been in his office.

1. Read the situations and write sentences in the past perfect using the words in brackets.

► I arrived at the party at 9 p.m. but Jane was already there (she / arrive / before / me). She had arrived before me.

1. I invited Jeff to come for lunch but he wasn't hungry (he / already / eat / lunch).

2. Jane was late for her exam. All the other students were already there (they / start / the exam).

3. Mike got home after midnight. The house was quiet (everybody / go / to bed).

4. I rang Fred but he wasn't at home (he / already / leave / for work).

2. Complete the sentences using the past simple or the past perfect.

1. When the teacher came in, everybody ……………… (stand up).

2. I arrived two hours late because my car ……………… (break down).

3. I was really tired last night. I ……………… (have) a hard day.

4. Sam felt ill, so he ……………… (go) to bed.

5. When we ……………… (write) the letter, we went to the post office.

3. Past Simple or Past Perfect

1. When I (to come) home, my mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father to return from home, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 7. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (no to do) her homework. 8. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 9. Tom (to return) from the cinema at 5 o’clock. 10. Tom (to return) from the cinema by 5 o’clock. 11. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 12. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 13. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 14. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 15. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

4. Past Simple, Past Continiuos or Past Perfect

1. By eight o’clock yesterday I (to do) my homework and at eigth I (to play) the piano. 2. By six o’clock father (to come) home and at six he (to have) dinner. 3. By nine yesterday grandmother (to wash) the dishes and at nine she (to watch) TV. 4. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) an ice-cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street. 5. When I (to come) home, my sister (to read) a book which she (to bring) from the library. 6. When mother (to come) home, the children (to eat) the soup which she (to cook) in the morning. 7. When I (to ring) up Mike, he still (to learn) the poem which he (to begin) learning at school. 8. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) with the ball which Pete (to bring) from home. 9. By ten o’clock the children (to settle) comfortably on the sofa and at ten they (to watch) a TV film. 10. When father (to come) home, wwe (to coo) the mushrooms which we (to gather) in the wood. 11. When I (to see) Ann, she (to sort) the flowers which she (to pick) in the field. 12. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little brother (to break) my pen and (to play) with its pieces. 13. When I (to open) the door of the classroom, I (to see) that the teacher already (to come) and the pupils (to write) a dictation.